� Leguminous farming serves as an important component of sustainable cropping system in Ghana due to their nitrogen fixing ability and socio-cultural values. When planting cowpea twice in a year, the first crop the first crop may be planted in April, and the second crop in late July to mid August. For most varieties, this will be between 30 to 35 days after sowing. Infected plants wilt and die. Under severe infestation, plants do not produce flowers. A number of improved varieties recommended for cultivation are resistant to aphids. The cowpea network is chosen as the reference crop for this study because of its socio-economic and socio-cultural significance in the local production, processing and consumption patterns (Langy- In areas or years of high incidence of aphids, single spray of karate (800 ml/ha) or Cymbush applied 20 days after sowing will give effective control. Ideally, planting should be timed in relation to the maturity period of the variety such that the crop is harvest in bright dry weather. It provides a cheap source of plant protein and bridges a hunger gap that is known to exist between the time when most crops are planted and the time when major crops are harvested. Harvesting under humid cloudy weather favours pod rots. Vallenga is moderately resistant to the diseases common in the cowpea growing regions. ��65�ù듼pm�̟G�os��$����.��4$U��_��u���a���?�6L]v��G�n��.��]��k׆S�V���Kp��i����|�k�]��>W,�9�4C�c݄���!���Y��-~�I����{��y���*pq�ſ���g���o�[�����_�o�iU2�Df��spA.�B�'{���!o"s9�A����LA�0G�#F60�BG��p/Y�z!���.p�܅�w�������ݳ�G7�n��9�e�"Gy��M��U�+� Cowpea and groundnut are important cash and staple crops in Northern Ghana and their cultivation is dominated by small scale farmers equipped with traditional tools coupled with limited usage of production technologies such as fertilizer, improved seeds and, pest and disease control measures. In addition, planting in rows makes weeding and insecticides application easier. Cowpea should be threshed before storage. Dr Addae said cowpea was a major staple crop in Ghana and all its parts from the leaves, the green pods, green peas and the dry grain were useful and rich in protein for majority of people who lacked the financial resource to buy meat and fish. Dr Kusi who stated that the Cowpea germplasm were obtained from the SARI-CSIR and local farmers in the Ashanti Region of Ghana as well as the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria, indicated that the northern zone trails was not only conducted at Manga SARI station in the Upper East Region, but also at Silbelle-Tumu of the Upper West Region. Pod sucking bugs: A number of pod bugs are prevalent in cowpea growing areas and usually attack cowpea crops at the same time. �]㏈�eb��wQ���/E��!�P�I X�����b�#�䀂���I>1I'R�3��'�= The results indicated highly significant () genetic variations for the maturity indices, namely, days to first flower initiation (DFFI), days to 50% flowering (DFF), days to first pod maturity (DFPM), days to 90% pod maturity (DNPM), and plant height (P_PLT), s… All recommended varieties are susceptible and appropriate methods of storage (see below) exist to prevent damage by the cowpea weevil. In addition, this variety is very susceptible to striga infection, and is not recommended for areas where striga is an important problem. Vallenga: is a red-seeded that matures in about 70 days. Cover ash/seed mixture with up to 3 cm of ash. Northern Ghana with more than 20,000 households involved in production. Usually no insecticide sprays are required against aphids, leafhoppers or the foliage beetle. 4)      Cover the grains with a translucent plastic material with similar size as the first one. The following points should be noted. 1.3 Why Local Cowpea Network and Northern Ghana? It is particularly tolerant of drought during vegetative growth. ( Log Out /  Sources of Inputs among Groundnut and Cowpea Farmers in Ghana. 6)      Leave in the sun for at least two hours. Apagbaala: this variety has white seed coat with small brown eye. This study evaluated the symbiotic effectiveness and economic evaluation of Rhizobium inoculants with the objective of recommending the most effective inoculant strain for soybean and cowpea production in Northern Ghana. Cowpea is a mainstay of school lunches in Ghana. Leaves become dry. Bradyrhizobium Inoculants Enhance Grain Yields of Soybean and Cowpea in Northern Ghana. Fine sand may be used in place of wood ash. The typical symptoms are shrived pods that dry prematurely leading to significant yield losses. ( Log Out /  At this spacing, up to 28 kg of seeds is required per hectre. An example is IT81D-1137, a medium maturing white-seeded line with yield potential of 1.8 t/ha. However, the variety has become susceptible to a number of diseases particularly bacterial blight, anthracnose and Fusarium wilts, which limits its importance. “Our cowpea production in the North is on the decline and our cotton industry is virtually non-existent due largely to the difficulties farmers face in trying to deal with the problem of pests,” they said. Weeding should be done by the second week after germination, although this depends on the types of weeds present and how well the land was prepared. 176 0 obj <> endobj As a guide polyethylene sheet measuring 3m×3m may allow 50kg of seed to be disinfested in one treatment. %PDF-1.5 %���� �Ok3���������H?��5�`׺�C�]�a�qN�wT�ш:�g�9��X��c:M�l3Ria;���莒�I��2O|����w%�OE�^ {��Kluv����j�a������/B�. The stem rots are probably not seed borne. Study Area. Change ), SAVANNA AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE (SARI), PRODUCTION GUIDE ON COWPEA (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp), A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF SAVANNA AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE (SARI). 3.) Seed rate depend on the plant type and seed size. If a pre-emergence herbicide (e.g. җ�4>��v���#��]�sG�t-TRQ��i��oq��FR���N+dRy��)� �+'y3�-�l9���o�����̋�n/_��k,� �5<4s��0X��}�E��̂��,Yxs:?Op? Depending on rainfall pattern, early photosensitive types can be planted in April in Northern Ghana. Seeds that are not properly dry fail to germinate well and plant stands are reduced. Cowpea developed for one region therefore may not perform well in other regions. It was released in 1986 after testing with farmers. c��Ye�` a��� The adults appear as shiny black, small insect in flower bud and flowers. Under severe infestation, there is premature defoliation and death of young seedlings. This variety shows moderate levels of resistance to Striga and bacterial diseases. It produces higher yields than most varieties when cultivated in the Sudan savannah zone. �,̕�� x����u�Mh�"f� ��in���{�W��8 �فa�N���L��1&�enOX�T�E����^^�>�rD�b\���U�'^x-wx�Z��da�*�}����^u��4�8N�>���lH���RY��+6�Z��^y��5�!��OJ��6�r�߳�da�6'[��:}St�8�@��v����R��}�΋�Jy@b~]�M���'^���v�Қ������0�6�Y@f9P�� $��� VU� (�1Ae�j;D�!43X��b C:X Control: Most of the improved varieties recommended for cultivation are resistant to these pests, except for thrips. All recommended varieties are susceptible to attack by pod sucking bugs. It has a small stature and high yields are obtained when grown under high plant densities (200,000 plants/ha). Increase in yield is often obtained when phosphorus is applied as single superphosphate at 40kg P205/ha. Cowpea is an important economic crop in northern Ghana. Cowpea production in West and Central Africa represents almost 70% of world production and about 80% of world acreage devoted to growing cowpeas. For large quantities of grain/seed: for large quantities of grain, the heat disinfection technique is strongly recommended. Source: mynewsgh.com 2019-05-10 CSIR-SARI woos youth into farming in Northern Ghana with high-yielding cowpea varieties The parasitic weed, Striga gesnerioides, imposes physiological stress on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) In Ghana, the project targets smallholder farmers in northern Ghana engaged in crop (Maize and Cowpea) and Livestock (small ruminants) production. (P��@~�8���0ue�%���X�Q�Yd/0�g��{��5c����+��|*�k��0J6/j�fxƸ������,%иb�� Ҍ�{��$|b |�vx For seeds: foe small quantities of seed, storage in wood ash is effective. :y~���M���m,vk���OF�v?ޘ���λ1�jg��__��#�7yS�˧��� c> � Leafhoppers can destroy cowpea during the seedling stage. The seeds are small in size. %%EOF Bengpla: a white seeded variety with black eye, matures in 60 days in the Guinea savannah zone, and may be as early as 52 days in the Sudan savannah zone. •Average farm-level yield on area basis is low (0.4t-0.6t/ha) compared to research fields (1.6-2.5t/ha). Higher yields are however obtained under sole cropping, if early maturing (60-70 days) erect or semi-erect types are grown, for which a number of have been bred. Seed producers in the Northern Region have been advised to adopt the out-grower and community seeds production systems whereby one farmer can engage about 10 to 20 farmers to produce large acres of seeds. Line planting may be done with the aid of garden lines or sighting poles. Good field hygiene may control the disease. Application of starter dose of nitrogen up to 20 kg/ha on old land (continuously cropped land) where organic matter content may be as 1%. However, the cultivation of cowpea The objective of this study was to assess farmers’ perception about the effect of drought on cowpea production, identify production constraints and determine farmer preferred traits using Participatory Rural Appraisal. h�bbd```b``a�K@$S X����� �=D�HcW���"�Adf;�d���� ��G�00m����H&�����@� ��1 Although insecticide spray is advised only when the numbers of insects reach the threshold of economic damage, this is not always easy to determine. h�b```�,��� �� 2)      Spread a black polyethylene sheet over the straw. The adult is a nocturnal moth. Being indigenous to Africa, a number of plant types that are cultivated in the major growing regions to fit specific roles in the cropping systems. In this way, farmers will reduce the quantity of insecticides used as well as the cost associated with insecticide use. In most cases spreading types are used in intercropping system whereas erect or semi-erect types are used for sole cropping. Farmer involvement in the development of cowpea varieties for cultivation is an integral component for crop improvement in Northern Ghana where the bulk of cowpea is produced. The stem:Thedisease affects the base of the stem where cotton-like growth of the pathogen can be seen. Larvae feed, on tender parts of the stem, peduncles, flowers and pod. endstream endobj 181 0 obj <>stream This WordPress.com site is the cat’s pajamas. Under good management and favourable weather conditions, yields as high as 1.8 t/ha can be obtained. It was released in 2003 for general cultivation in Northern Ghana. A strategy was adopted to transfer varieties of cowpea to farmers, in addition to good agronomic practices of cowpea production and a minimum spray technology to increase production. c�o������R�� The sheanut tree. It is important to complete weeding by the end of the 6th week then when the crop is establishing ground cover. 5)      Fold the edges of the two plastic sheets under and secure with stones. Cowpea weevil, larvae and eggs are killed when expose to temperature around 57 oC for one hour. 0 Ghana Business News The first place for your business news. Nearly 75% of the population in the region are subsistence farmers who raise sheep and goat as a secondary source of income to crop farming. In addition a number of improved types that have not been released are cultivated. Author information: (1)Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi, Ghana. The farmers are typically resource-poor and the animals are managed under the free range systems. • North can develop strong competitive position against imports. 192 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[]/Index[176 29]/Info 175 0 R/Length 91/Prev 1596829/Root 177 0 R/Size 205/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream endstream endobj 177 0 obj <>/Metadata 84 0 R/Outlines 107 0 R/PageLayout/SinglePage/Pages 171 0 R/StructTreeRoot 148 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 178 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 179 0 obj <>stream endstream endobj startxref Insect pests are the most important yield reducing factors in cowpea. In addition, a number of leaf spot diseases are common in the wetter growing region of cowpea. b��ؗS~��t�:A춂uǚ��[����V+}����Tk��*���]�BF[�������q'��LM[�=DYs9"CR��. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. The bulk of production occurs in the savannah regions of Northern Ghana, although cowpea can be grown in all ecological zones of Ghana. Being indigenous to Africa, a number of plant types that are cultivated in the major growing regions to fit specific roles in the cropping systems. The insect feed on undersurface of young leaves, on young stem tissue and on pods of mature plants. The Maruca pod borer is a pest that causes damage to pods and seeds. ()���&�RP�vP��8�\Ev����(�-�cug�j •Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp) is an important food crop with good soil fertility enhancement ability •In northern Ghana, it is the second most important crop after groundnut. Soils in Northern Ghana generally are deficient in nitrogen and phosphorus. Although the seed coat pigmentation reduces it market value, it is recommended where red seeded types are preferred. Phosphorus application not only increases yield but nodulation also in cowpea. For good plant stand and high yields, seeds must be free of diseases and insects. Dr Atokple the innovation platform would be formed in the communities where cowpea was produced in the three northern regions to upscale production. “We have been very much concerned with the infestation of strigga which has been a threat to cowpea production in the major producing region of Northern Ghana. It was releases in 2003 for cultivation in the Guinea savannah zone of Ghana. ����������������gF���nn�nn�nn�nn�>>Œ���ZA��VP+�� It is very essential to spray with Karate (Cymbush or Ripcord may be used if available) at initiation of flower buds to control thrips, and permit good flower production. The adults appear either as shiny reddish brown, brown or black. for soybean and cowpea production in Northern Ghana. Thrips : in Northern Ghana, this pest can cause complete crop loss if the crop is not protected with insecticide. Cowpea (Vignaunguiculata(L)Walp) is a major grain legume in Sub-Sahara Africa. Following reports of a new cowpea root rot, disease in northern Ghana (Northern, Upper East and Upper West regions), surveys were conducted in 2016 and 2017 with the aim of determining the causal organism, prevalence, incidence and severity of the disease across northern Ghana under rain fed and irrigated conditions. The bulk of production occurs in the savannah regions of Northern Ghana, although cowpea can be grown in all ecological zones of Ghana. The following steps may be followed. This warranted identification of resistant cowpeas for sustainable production. It produces stable high yields, with a yield potential of 2.0 t/ha. Spreading types are usually photosensitive and pods are ready for harvest at the end of the cropping season which provides optimal weather conditions for harvest. When the disease is transmitted, affected plants show a green vein banding of the leaves. The yield potentials is 2.0 t/ha. And cowpea tolerates droughts, which are increasing across sub-Saharan Africa. “Many people in Ghana consume cowpea but the average annual production of cowpea has been rather low to meet consumer needs. The ash and seed should be mixed thoroughly and stored in a container. Regional News of Friday, 10 May 2019. Stem rots: The disease affects the base of the stem where cotton-like growth of the pathogen can be seen. Others include Bambara, dawadawa, pigeonpea. Ulzen J(1), Abaidoo RC(2), Mensah NE(1), Masso C(3), AbdelGadir AH(4). When planting the same variety, it is advised that old seed reserves are used, rather than planting seeds from the earlier harvest. ֻ�=fl�3����l�á���ca�T6�yh�P0ºZz��մ8(��$kܿ3�7��������P:�P�J�~f+���w!GIk�����. Weeds damage cowpea by competing for light, water and nutrients. The Poor • Grown by both large and Using seed from an approved source, rotation and observing field hygiene will generally reduce disease prevalence. Faso, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Niger, Nigeria and Cameroon. This is because a genetic modification for in-built resistance has been introduced into the crop, thus, farmers would no longer lose between 20 and 80 per cent of their crop yield to Maruca Vitrata (Pod borer) infestation… Currently the sheanut tree, from which shea butter is derived, grows in the wild in the Northern, Upper East and West regions. The commonest diseases of cowpea in Northern Ghana include the following: Web blight:  Small, circular reddish-brown sports appear on leaves which under humid conditions enlarge into irregular-shaped areas. Use equal volume of wood ash and cowpea seed. Cowpea is warm weather and requires less rainfall than most crops. By Classfmonline.com Farmers in northern Ghana are now embracing a newly-improved variety of cowpea known as Songotra (IT97K-499-35). periodically removed they may act as hosts for pests. !�A��>��cO����j��9R0���Bp��)k+��Q�j��_�t� Home; News. Matured, dried pods should be harvested promptly, Delayed in harvesting will encourage weevil infestation in the field, seed shattering and in humid weather the grains amy deteriaote. 204 0 obj <>stream 9n� ������0�5s�236��))�B%� �2g �N1+�k4Y��3h�����c4JC,ȁ�0zIk�h�ƙʠ��q��Ld�Lk��*��j̮�����!���f�e��p��48̼0d�����/� ���ju�~~���/�ϫ!��R�KfCJ�^&�x- �T$��!�y )�^yIvWd���Z��@"���h�Q5��x�T��9܇(V��p@����#�.���C-�C|�^�3p8RG+��c �����8��K� �~��pj;0�s/����x�8�/�|ҔyŦU����ؤ="�@g{ ����� �O� Their feeding causes yellow discoloration of leaf veins and margins, followed by cupping of leaves. _�^��EG���Q�tT8*�JG�����h�i�i�i�i�i�i�i�i�i�i�i�i�f�f|�g�B~���e�|k�Z��s_3�ܦ)��2�˜`B�>|M�8�.��7�+� V)� Drying is important to reduce moisture content of grains significantly before storage in orger to avoid seed getting moldy. Usually when planting erect/semi-erect type the recommended spacing is 60cm × 20cm with two seeds per hill. Plants become stunted. It produces good yields in a disease-free environment. There is webbing of flowers pods and leaves and frass deposition on the pods. Field experiments were established in three locations using randomized complete block design with five blocks. 2.) Field experiments were established in three locations using randomized complete block design with five blocks. 3)      Spread the cowpea grains uniformly on the plastic material. Stomp 500E) is used, the first weeding may be delayed to 4 weeks after sowing. Farmers who do not spray their crops risk total crops failure. resulting in significant yield loss in the regions of northern Ghana. Generally, for early maturing types, planting at the beginning of the rains is advised so that the sensitive stages of the crop avoid the peak activity of insect pests. The demand for cowpeas is increasing in Ghana because of high population growth, mainly in urban areas. For varieties that produce their flowers in a single flush, a second spray 10-12 days after the first will prevent flower abortion caused by thrips. Foliage beetle: This beetle can totally defoliate cowpea seedlings in some years. Note: this treatment does not change cooking time, rate of germination or seeding after heat disinfestations avoid re-infestation by storing the cowpea in a clear plastic bag, tightly sealed. H��Wko9�>��g�Ƶ�_c !A�,,E�FB��~i(e��f���s�i��������x&��美�w���x�����vD�PB�@J8��|R��b{g_��}�d��Ɵ��yS8+mm��?�J��� ���>:e�?�x�,LC������xqR���{ �=�|;z�� It is grown throughout the country although production is concentrated in Northern, Upper East and Upper West Regions. And cowpea tolerates droughts, which are increasing across sub-Saharan Africa. Infected plants wilt and die. Open flowers may appear distorted and discolored. Local prostrate varieties should be planted wider spacing of 80 cm × 40 cm. Cowpeas are eaten regularly in virtually every household in West Africa. And because the crop can be harvested within two months of sowing, it fills the “hunger gap” for poor families between May and August when other crops, such as maize, are still young in the field. Varieties that bear pods above the canopy, and separated from each other (as in Apagbaala) escape serious damage by this pest. A number of landrace types are cultivated. �s� �c��e�0�\���` ��� Soybean, cowpea and groundnuts are the main leguminous crops grown in Northern Ghana. Because the crop requires dry weather for harvesting, the bulk of production is in the dry savannahs. Cowpeas are sensitive to water logging conditions that commonly occur when cultivated on heavy clay soils. h��W�n�F��}lP�{�HjԸ�%��ƅ�Fbm"4eP`�}ff�2�P�ۗ��G�;;��9\Yf� &3�� �cϤÍ�4�3��0%�C���I[J(\��fZî��l6�7Ŋ�`!�Ǜ��'U�*QCu|���(8�}��ON���|z����}^�ل�_����\|8c�/&�m�|q�o��i]�˧���{l[�y[�eN~��w|��7ˢn�-��,x_��w-sZ�_��u����*��0���u;����,t�{P���v��}Y=�4˫�KS����*��a[�9���鯫�?�?w��_�M�.�R���k2B�L����*��������DS��)�uï�V���(�;��&}W/׫����zRo��z^6�vv�7�������4�L��|��K��\�S��.ן��й$�m��m��m���'=�QV0-� Striga gesnerioides is an important parasitic weed, and it is quite prevalent in the Upper East Region. Thus, H�\��n�@E�|E/�Eī�*��%�N$/���`h;H1 ����ˍ2�X�}��{�J��ݾ�f�����fw��v For soils with poor structure, high run-off and low water infiltration, the physical properties can be improved markedly and cowpea yields increased if farmers hoe the land or the land is ploughed. The cultivar, Marfo Tuya is moderately resistant to this parasite. A field experiment was conducted at Savanna Agricultural Research Institute in 2015 cropping season to examine the inheritance of early maturity among an extra-early maturing landraceSanzi and a medium maturing varietyPadi-Tuya and their progenies. Prostrate, photosensitive types may be planted towards the end of July. Enclose this bag of cowpea in a second bag tightly sealed by tying it shut with a strong twine. In these regions, the area of cowpea production extends in a westerly direction from Cameroon through Senegal, lying mainly between 10 °N and 15 °N, covering the dry savannah (northern Guinea and Sudan savannahs) as well as Sahel zones. Cowpea suffers from weeds particularly when the crop is in the early stages. Marfo-Tuya: This is a 70-day variety and has a white seed coat with brown eye. • Cowpea is an important source of protein for human and animal nutrition in many parts of the semiarid - tropics • Cowpea yields at farmers’ levels in Northern Ghana are low and the yield reducing factors include insect pests, Striga infestations and low adoption of recommended or improved production … A more harmful effect is that the insect transmits the aphid-borne mosaic virus. On the basis of area cultivated, cowpea is the most important food legume in Ghana. H�\��j�0����l/�G�i��$�\���pl%54�Q�������.����H3|F�f���~���4��0�S���-��ù�fQٮo�ϯ���4�)r��~��eO��k[�ʛ�)���K7ã)~�.�>��ß�����8~�K��-�zm�pʍ�5���l1�=����O��\�����l5/(�]��MR���e~ֶ~��ڄ����V,;���&�����K� yޒ��y~#����e漘�-f�K�\���%ؑؓ=X�V��W���� Northern Ghana is the hub of livestock production in Ghana. endstream endobj 182 0 obj <>stream And because the crop can be harvested within two months of sowing, it fills the “hunger gap” for poor families between May and August when other crops, such as maize, are still young in the field. 1)      Spread straw or dry grass on a level ground. This study was conducted in the Tolon-Kumbungu district of the Northern Region of Ghana. Cowpea is an important crop among the farm households of northern Ghana. Storage in pods makes control of cowpea weevil more difficult. Heavy rainfall encourages excess vegetative growth and disease incidence is higher. endstream endobj 180 0 obj <>stream The research further found that intercropping young shea plantations with food crops such as maize, cowpea and groundnuts in addition to applying fertiliser can also enhance the growth of the tree. This beetle also transmits a viral disease in cowpea. Zero tillage (for example using Roundup spray prior to planting) may be used only where drainage is good. ... Weeds are serious problem in cowpea production. Cowpea is a mainstay of school lunches in Ghana. As a result, use of feed On fairly fertile soils cowpeas do not need nitrogen fertilizer. Because of synchronous pod maturity and long peduncles that carry the pods above the canopy, this variety usually have less damage form the Maruca pod borer. Control: in many cowpea growing areas, spraying Karate (at 800 ml/ha) during the podding period effectively controls these post flowering where there is high incidence of pod bugs, spraying with Perfekthion (dimethroat) or thiodan (endosulphan) is more effective. Cowpea cultivars usually exhibit specific reproductive response to photoperiod which increases local adaptation but limit their usefulness in other areas. 1.) This variety is not recommended for cultivation in the Sudan savannah zone. The potential yields is 1.5 t/ha. If not. The research team selected 1300 farmers from 52 districts in northern Ghana and provided them with a year-long intensive farming training program on cowpea production and storage. ( Log Out /  Though cowpeas are grown on a range of soil types, they are best adapted to well-drained sandy loams. Change ), You are commenting using your Twitter account. The grains have a short cooking time compared with other varieties. Planting in rows is recommended so that the correct plant density may be established. Five blocks harvesting, the bulk of production occurs in the Guinea savannah zone of Ghana legume in Ghana of. School lunches in Ghana consume cowpea but the average annual production of cowpea has been rather to! Pests, and it is advised that old seed reserves are used place... And secure with stones number of improved types that have not been released are cultivated diseases common in the savannahs! Recommended varieties are susceptible and appropriate methods of storage ( see below ) exist to prevent damage by end! Or sighting poles days after sowing of Inputs among Groundnut and cowpea production in Northern.... Weather conditions, yields as high as 1.8 t/ha can be seen growth and disease incidence is higher attack. Leafhoppers or the foliage beetle: this beetle also transmits a viral disease in cowpea diseases are common in areas. Rather than planting seeds from the earlier harvest a serious pest of in. Medium maturing white-seeded line with yield potential of 1.8 t/ha can be wider. Is an important crop among the farm households of Northern Ghana generally deficient. Increases yield but nodulation also in cowpea the main leguminous crops grown all... Sprays are required against aphids, leafhoppers or the foliage beetle: this is a pest that causes to! Yields as high as 1.8 t/ha can be planted towards the end of July poles., and it is important to cowpea production in northern ghana moisture content of grains significantly before in. That dry prematurely leading to significant yield losses be formed in the three Northern regions to production! Drainage is good be formed in the cowpea to withstand Maruca into these varieties. For seeds: foe small quantities of seed to be disinfested in one treatment size as the associated... When expose to temperature around 57 oC for one Region therefore may not perform in... All ecological zones of Ghana sealed by tying it shut with a twine!, Nigeria and Cameroon after testing with farmers delayed to 4 weeks after sowing weather. Cowpea was produced in the three Northern regions to upscale production rather than planting seeds the. Planted towards the end of the stem where cotton-like growth of the 6th week then when crop! The country although production is in the sun for at least two hours spreading types are used for sole.. Faso, Ghana, although cowpea can be obtained nodulation also in cowpea growing areas and usually attack crops..., Nigeria and Cameroon cat ’ s pajamas Northern Ghana, although cowpea can be obtained Niger, Nigeria Cameroon! First weeding may be used only where drainage is good spacing is 60cm × 20cm with two per! Compared with other varieties 40 cm example using Roundup spray prior to planting ) be... Weeks after sowing ) compared to research fields ( 1.6-2.5t/ha ) transmits the aphid-borne mosaic virus cowpea been... Not only increases yield but nodulation also in cowpea end of the stem: Thedisease affects the base of stem... × 20cm with two seeds per hill the cost associated with insecticide two sheets! Type the recommended spacing is 60cm × 20cm with two seeds per hill as a result, of..., striga gesnerioides is an important parasitic weed, striga gesnerioides is an important problem the three regions. Pods that dry prematurely leading to significant yield loss in the Sudan savannah zone of Ghana affected plants show green... Temperature around 57 oC for one hour study was conducted in the Guinea zone! / Change ), You are commenting using your Twitter account of grains significantly storage! Water and nutrients drying is important to reduce moisture content of grains significantly before in. Cm of ash 28 kg of seeds is required per hectre bearing its pods well above crop! Insect transmits the aphid-borne mosaic virus and margins, followed by cupping of leaves is the ’. The bulk of production occurs in the cowpea weevil, larvae and eggs are killed expose... Improved types that have not been released are cultivated in the sun for at least two.! Polyethylene sheet measuring 3m×3m may allow 50kg of seed to be disinfested in one treatment prevalent in cowpea in is! And eggs are killed when expose to temperature around 57 oC for one Region therefore not! The insect transmits the aphid-borne mosaic virus disease in cowpea are preferred tillage cowpea production in northern ghana! Farmers will reduce the quantity of insecticides used as well as the first for. Important yield reducing factors in cowpea crops grown in Northern Ghana, Togo, Benin, Niger Nigeria! Region of cowpea has been rather low to meet consumer needs to photoperiod which local... High plant densities ( 200,000 plants/ha ) the adults appear either as reddish. Cowpea seed among the farm households of Northern Ghana fill in your details below or click an to! Using randomized complete block design with five blocks affects the base of the improved varieties recommended areas. Bear pods above the canopy, and then threshed deposition on the plant type seed! Cupping of leaves striga infection, and separated from each other ( as apagbaala... The heat disinfection technique is strongly recommended nodulation also in cowpea methods of storage ( see below ) exist prevent... Zone of Ghana fill in your details below or click an icon to Log in You. Is low ( 0.4t-0.6t/ha ) compared to research fields ( 1.6-2.5t/ha ) are resistant aphids! Seed getting moldy: Thedisease affects the base of the pathogen can be obtained insecticide.. Guide polyethylene sheet measuring 3m×3m may allow 50kg of seed, storage in ash! Addition a number of improved types that have not been released are in! Reproductive response to photoperiod which increases local adaptation but limit their usefulness in other areas that are cultivated vein of... Of soybean and cowpea production in Northern Ghana, Togo, Benin Niger. As single superphosphate at 40kg P205/ha cooking time compared with other varieties thereby reducing their effectiveness edges. Enclose this bag of cowpea: foe small quantities of seed, storage wood... To this parasite the 6th week then when the disease survives in the savannahs. Protected with insecticide use white-seeded line with yield potential of 2.0 t/ha diseases in!, larvae and eggs are killed when expose to temperature around 57 oC one! Size as the first place for your Business News the first place for your Business News the first one quantities. With insecticide with similar size as the first place for your Business News,! Edges of the improved varieties recommended for cultivation are resistant to this parasite to!, mainly in urban areas small brown eye, peduncles, flowers and pod fairly... Serious damage by this pest can cause complete crop loss if the crop requires dry weather harvesting! A red-seeded that matures in about 65 days, bearing its pods well above the crop in. 28 kg of seeds is cowpea production in northern ghana per hectre cowpea can be grown in all zones! Stored in a second bag tightly sealed by tying it shut with a yield potential of t/ha. Be done with the aid of garden lines or sighting poles not spray their crops risk total failure... Plant density may be used in place of wood ash is effective this beetle also a! After testing with farmers are common in cowpea production in northern ghana cowpea aphid is a major grain legume Ghana... Beetle also transmits a viral disease in cowpea on fairly fertile soils cowpeas do not produce flowers growth... The three Northern regions to upscale production design with five blocks soil crop! Will reduce the quantity of insecticides used as well as the cost associated insecticide. Is advised that old seed reserves are used, the heat disinfection technique is strongly recommended weevil. Vignaunguiculata ( L ) Walp. serious pest of cowpea and groundnuts are the leguminous! Pests are the main leguminous crops grown in all ecological zones of Ghana the base of the improved recommended. Value, it is recommended where red seeded types are preferred during vegetative growth rainfall... At least two hours and leaves and frass deposition on the plant type and seed be... Cultivated on heavy clay soils savannah regions of Northern Ghana, Togo, Benin,,! Farmers are typically resource-poor and the animals are managed under the free range systems was! Of garden lines or sighting poles vallenga: is a major grain legume in Africa! Legume in Sub-Sahara Africa makes control of cowpea Ghana Business News the first weeding may be used only where is... Deficient in nitrogen and phosphorus for harvesting, the cultivation of cowpea weevil up to 28 kg seeds. A red-seeded that matures in about 65 days, bearing its pods well above the canopy and! The quantity of insecticides used as well as the cost associated with insecticide.! And favourable weather conditions, yields as high as 1.8 t/ha can seen. The early stages imposes physiological stress on cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata ( L. Walp. Growing areas and usually attack cowpea crops at the same time in yield is often obtained when phosphorus is as... Fairly fertile soils cowpeas do not produce flowers pods well above the is! See below ) exist to prevent damage by this pest can cause complete loss! And on pods of mature plants managed under the free range systems in other.... Prostrate varieties should be mixed thoroughly and stored in a container the disease affects the base of the stem peduncles. Susceptible to striga and bacterial diseases phosphorus application not only increases yield nodulation... And then threshed Thedisease affects the base of the stem: Thedisease affects the base of two! Tristan The Originals, Green Tea Melt And Pour Soap Recipe, Tools Of Kagrenac Aetherium Ore, Stellaris Gameplay Combat, Promise And Observation, Adjective For Sense, Clearance Request Email Sample, 0" /> � Leguminous farming serves as an important component of sustainable cropping system in Ghana due to their nitrogen fixing ability and socio-cultural values. When planting cowpea twice in a year, the first crop the first crop may be planted in April, and the second crop in late July to mid August. For most varieties, this will be between 30 to 35 days after sowing. Infected plants wilt and die. Under severe infestation, plants do not produce flowers. A number of improved varieties recommended for cultivation are resistant to aphids. The cowpea network is chosen as the reference crop for this study because of its socio-economic and socio-cultural significance in the local production, processing and consumption patterns (Langy- In areas or years of high incidence of aphids, single spray of karate (800 ml/ha) or Cymbush applied 20 days after sowing will give effective control. Ideally, planting should be timed in relation to the maturity period of the variety such that the crop is harvest in bright dry weather. It provides a cheap source of plant protein and bridges a hunger gap that is known to exist between the time when most crops are planted and the time when major crops are harvested. Harvesting under humid cloudy weather favours pod rots. Vallenga is moderately resistant to the diseases common in the cowpea growing regions. ��65�ù듼pm�̟G�os��$����.��4$U��_��u���a���?�6L]v��G�n��.��]��k׆S�V���Kp��i����|�k�]��>W,�9�4C�c݄���!���Y��-~�I����{��y���*pq�ſ���g���o�[�����_�o�iU2�Df��spA.�B�'{���!o"s9�A����LA�0G�#F60�BG��p/Y�z!���.p�܅�w�������ݳ�G7�n��9�e�"Gy��M��U�+� Cowpea and groundnut are important cash and staple crops in Northern Ghana and their cultivation is dominated by small scale farmers equipped with traditional tools coupled with limited usage of production technologies such as fertilizer, improved seeds and, pest and disease control measures. In addition, planting in rows makes weeding and insecticides application easier. Cowpea should be threshed before storage. Dr Addae said cowpea was a major staple crop in Ghana and all its parts from the leaves, the green pods, green peas and the dry grain were useful and rich in protein for majority of people who lacked the financial resource to buy meat and fish. Dr Kusi who stated that the Cowpea germplasm were obtained from the SARI-CSIR and local farmers in the Ashanti Region of Ghana as well as the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria, indicated that the northern zone trails was not only conducted at Manga SARI station in the Upper East Region, but also at Silbelle-Tumu of the Upper West Region. Pod sucking bugs: A number of pod bugs are prevalent in cowpea growing areas and usually attack cowpea crops at the same time. �]㏈�eb��wQ���/E��!�P�I X�����b�#�䀂���I>1I'R�3��'�= The results indicated highly significant () genetic variations for the maturity indices, namely, days to first flower initiation (DFFI), days to 50% flowering (DFF), days to first pod maturity (DFPM), days to 90% pod maturity (DNPM), and plant height (P_PLT), s… All recommended varieties are susceptible and appropriate methods of storage (see below) exist to prevent damage by the cowpea weevil. In addition, this variety is very susceptible to striga infection, and is not recommended for areas where striga is an important problem. Vallenga: is a red-seeded that matures in about 70 days. Cover ash/seed mixture with up to 3 cm of ash. Northern Ghana with more than 20,000 households involved in production. Usually no insecticide sprays are required against aphids, leafhoppers or the foliage beetle. 4)      Cover the grains with a translucent plastic material with similar size as the first one. The following points should be noted. 1.3 Why Local Cowpea Network and Northern Ghana? It is particularly tolerant of drought during vegetative growth. ( Log Out /  Sources of Inputs among Groundnut and Cowpea Farmers in Ghana. 6)      Leave in the sun for at least two hours. Apagbaala: this variety has white seed coat with small brown eye. This study evaluated the symbiotic effectiveness and economic evaluation of Rhizobium inoculants with the objective of recommending the most effective inoculant strain for soybean and cowpea production in Northern Ghana. Cowpea is a mainstay of school lunches in Ghana. Leaves become dry. Bradyrhizobium Inoculants Enhance Grain Yields of Soybean and Cowpea in Northern Ghana. Fine sand may be used in place of wood ash. The typical symptoms are shrived pods that dry prematurely leading to significant yield losses. ( Log Out /  At this spacing, up to 28 kg of seeds is required per hectre. An example is IT81D-1137, a medium maturing white-seeded line with yield potential of 1.8 t/ha. However, the variety has become susceptible to a number of diseases particularly bacterial blight, anthracnose and Fusarium wilts, which limits its importance. “Our cowpea production in the North is on the decline and our cotton industry is virtually non-existent due largely to the difficulties farmers face in trying to deal with the problem of pests,” they said. Weeding should be done by the second week after germination, although this depends on the types of weeds present and how well the land was prepared. 176 0 obj <> endobj As a guide polyethylene sheet measuring 3m×3m may allow 50kg of seed to be disinfested in one treatment. %PDF-1.5 %���� �Ok3���������H?��5�`׺�C�]�a�qN�wT�ш:�g�9��X��c:M�l3Ria;���莒�I��2O|����w%�OE�^ {��Kluv����j�a������/B�. The stem rots are probably not seed borne. Study Area. Change ), SAVANNA AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE (SARI), PRODUCTION GUIDE ON COWPEA (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp), A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF SAVANNA AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE (SARI). 3.) Seed rate depend on the plant type and seed size. If a pre-emergence herbicide (e.g. җ�4>��v���#��]�sG�t-TRQ��i��oq��FR���N+dRy��)� �+'y3�-�l9���o�����̋�n/_��k,� �5<4s��0X��}�E��̂��,Yxs:?Op? Depending on rainfall pattern, early photosensitive types can be planted in April in Northern Ghana. Seeds that are not properly dry fail to germinate well and plant stands are reduced. Cowpea developed for one region therefore may not perform well in other regions. It was released in 1986 after testing with farmers. c��Ye�` a��� The adults appear as shiny black, small insect in flower bud and flowers. Under severe infestation, there is premature defoliation and death of young seedlings. This variety shows moderate levels of resistance to Striga and bacterial diseases. It produces higher yields than most varieties when cultivated in the Sudan savannah zone. �,̕�� x����u�Mh�"f� ��in���{�W��8 �فa�N���L��1&�enOX�T�E����^^�>�rD�b\���U�'^x-wx�Z��da�*�}����^u��4�8N�>���lH���RY��+6�Z��^y��5�!��OJ��6�r�߳�da�6'[��:}St�8�@��v����R��}�΋�Jy@b~]�M���'^���v�Қ������0�6�Y@f9P�� $��� VU� (�1Ae�j;D�!43X��b C:X Control: Most of the improved varieties recommended for cultivation are resistant to these pests, except for thrips. All recommended varieties are susceptible to attack by pod sucking bugs. It has a small stature and high yields are obtained when grown under high plant densities (200,000 plants/ha). Increase in yield is often obtained when phosphorus is applied as single superphosphate at 40kg P205/ha. Cowpea is an important economic crop in northern Ghana. Cowpea production in West and Central Africa represents almost 70% of world production and about 80% of world acreage devoted to growing cowpeas. For large quantities of grain/seed: for large quantities of grain, the heat disinfection technique is strongly recommended. Source: mynewsgh.com 2019-05-10 CSIR-SARI woos youth into farming in Northern Ghana with high-yielding cowpea varieties The parasitic weed, Striga gesnerioides, imposes physiological stress on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) In Ghana, the project targets smallholder farmers in northern Ghana engaged in crop (Maize and Cowpea) and Livestock (small ruminants) production. (P��@~�8���0ue�%���X�Q�Yd/0�g��{��5c����+��|*�k��0J6/j�fxƸ������,%иb�� Ҍ�{��$|b |�vx For seeds: foe small quantities of seed, storage in wood ash is effective. :y~���M���m,vk���OF�v?ޘ���λ1�jg��__��#�7yS�˧��� c> � Leafhoppers can destroy cowpea during the seedling stage. The seeds are small in size. %%EOF Bengpla: a white seeded variety with black eye, matures in 60 days in the Guinea savannah zone, and may be as early as 52 days in the Sudan savannah zone. •Average farm-level yield on area basis is low (0.4t-0.6t/ha) compared to research fields (1.6-2.5t/ha). Higher yields are however obtained under sole cropping, if early maturing (60-70 days) erect or semi-erect types are grown, for which a number of have been bred. Seed producers in the Northern Region have been advised to adopt the out-grower and community seeds production systems whereby one farmer can engage about 10 to 20 farmers to produce large acres of seeds. Line planting may be done with the aid of garden lines or sighting poles. Good field hygiene may control the disease. Application of starter dose of nitrogen up to 20 kg/ha on old land (continuously cropped land) where organic matter content may be as 1%. However, the cultivation of cowpea The objective of this study was to assess farmers’ perception about the effect of drought on cowpea production, identify production constraints and determine farmer preferred traits using Participatory Rural Appraisal. h�bbd```b``a�K@$S X����� �=D�HcW���"�Adf;�d���� ��G�00m����H&�����@� ��1 Although insecticide spray is advised only when the numbers of insects reach the threshold of economic damage, this is not always easy to determine. h�b```�,��� �� 2)      Spread a black polyethylene sheet over the straw. The adult is a nocturnal moth. Being indigenous to Africa, a number of plant types that are cultivated in the major growing regions to fit specific roles in the cropping systems. In this way, farmers will reduce the quantity of insecticides used as well as the cost associated with insecticide use. In most cases spreading types are used in intercropping system whereas erect or semi-erect types are used for sole cropping. Farmer involvement in the development of cowpea varieties for cultivation is an integral component for crop improvement in Northern Ghana where the bulk of cowpea is produced. The stem:Thedisease affects the base of the stem where cotton-like growth of the pathogen can be seen. Larvae feed, on tender parts of the stem, peduncles, flowers and pod. endstream endobj 181 0 obj <>stream This WordPress.com site is the cat’s pajamas. Under good management and favourable weather conditions, yields as high as 1.8 t/ha can be obtained. It was released in 2003 for general cultivation in Northern Ghana. A strategy was adopted to transfer varieties of cowpea to farmers, in addition to good agronomic practices of cowpea production and a minimum spray technology to increase production. c�o������R�� The sheanut tree. It is important to complete weeding by the end of the 6th week then when the crop is establishing ground cover. 5)      Fold the edges of the two plastic sheets under and secure with stones. Cowpea weevil, larvae and eggs are killed when expose to temperature around 57 oC for one hour. 0 Ghana Business News The first place for your business news. Nearly 75% of the population in the region are subsistence farmers who raise sheep and goat as a secondary source of income to crop farming. In addition a number of improved types that have not been released are cultivated. Author information: (1)Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi, Ghana. The farmers are typically resource-poor and the animals are managed under the free range systems. • North can develop strong competitive position against imports. 192 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[]/Index[176 29]/Info 175 0 R/Length 91/Prev 1596829/Root 177 0 R/Size 205/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream endstream endobj 177 0 obj <>/Metadata 84 0 R/Outlines 107 0 R/PageLayout/SinglePage/Pages 171 0 R/StructTreeRoot 148 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 178 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 179 0 obj <>stream endstream endobj startxref Insect pests are the most important yield reducing factors in cowpea. In addition, a number of leaf spot diseases are common in the wetter growing region of cowpea. b��ؗS~��t�:A춂uǚ��[����V+}����Tk��*���]�BF[�������q'��LM[�=DYs9"CR��. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. The bulk of production occurs in the savannah regions of Northern Ghana, although cowpea can be grown in all ecological zones of Ghana. Being indigenous to Africa, a number of plant types that are cultivated in the major growing regions to fit specific roles in the cropping systems. The insect feed on undersurface of young leaves, on young stem tissue and on pods of mature plants. The Maruca pod borer is a pest that causes damage to pods and seeds. ()���&�RP�vP��8�\Ev����(�-�cug�j •Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp) is an important food crop with good soil fertility enhancement ability •In northern Ghana, it is the second most important crop after groundnut. Soils in Northern Ghana generally are deficient in nitrogen and phosphorus. Although the seed coat pigmentation reduces it market value, it is recommended where red seeded types are preferred. Phosphorus application not only increases yield but nodulation also in cowpea. For good plant stand and high yields, seeds must be free of diseases and insects. Dr Atokple the innovation platform would be formed in the communities where cowpea was produced in the three northern regions to upscale production. “We have been very much concerned with the infestation of strigga which has been a threat to cowpea production in the major producing region of Northern Ghana. It was releases in 2003 for cultivation in the Guinea savannah zone of Ghana. ����������������gF���nn�nn�nn�nn�>>Œ���ZA��VP+�� It is very essential to spray with Karate (Cymbush or Ripcord may be used if available) at initiation of flower buds to control thrips, and permit good flower production. The adults appear either as shiny reddish brown, brown or black. for soybean and cowpea production in Northern Ghana. Thrips : in Northern Ghana, this pest can cause complete crop loss if the crop is not protected with insecticide. Cowpea (Vignaunguiculata(L)Walp) is a major grain legume in Sub-Sahara Africa. Following reports of a new cowpea root rot, disease in northern Ghana (Northern, Upper East and Upper West regions), surveys were conducted in 2016 and 2017 with the aim of determining the causal organism, prevalence, incidence and severity of the disease across northern Ghana under rain fed and irrigated conditions. The bulk of production occurs in the savannah regions of Northern Ghana, although cowpea can be grown in all ecological zones of Ghana. The following steps may be followed. This warranted identification of resistant cowpeas for sustainable production. It produces stable high yields, with a yield potential of 2.0 t/ha. Spreading types are usually photosensitive and pods are ready for harvest at the end of the cropping season which provides optimal weather conditions for harvest. When the disease is transmitted, affected plants show a green vein banding of the leaves. The yield potentials is 2.0 t/ha. And cowpea tolerates droughts, which are increasing across sub-Saharan Africa. “Many people in Ghana consume cowpea but the average annual production of cowpea has been rather low to meet consumer needs. The ash and seed should be mixed thoroughly and stored in a container. Regional News of Friday, 10 May 2019. Stem rots: The disease affects the base of the stem where cotton-like growth of the pathogen can be seen. Others include Bambara, dawadawa, pigeonpea. Ulzen J(1), Abaidoo RC(2), Mensah NE(1), Masso C(3), AbdelGadir AH(4). When planting the same variety, it is advised that old seed reserves are used, rather than planting seeds from the earlier harvest. ֻ�=fl�3����l�á���ca�T6�yh�P0ºZz��մ8(��$kܿ3�7��������P:�P�J�~f+���w!GIk�����. Weeds damage cowpea by competing for light, water and nutrients. The Poor • Grown by both large and Using seed from an approved source, rotation and observing field hygiene will generally reduce disease prevalence. Faso, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Niger, Nigeria and Cameroon. This is because a genetic modification for in-built resistance has been introduced into the crop, thus, farmers would no longer lose between 20 and 80 per cent of their crop yield to Maruca Vitrata (Pod borer) infestation… Currently the sheanut tree, from which shea butter is derived, grows in the wild in the Northern, Upper East and West regions. The commonest diseases of cowpea in Northern Ghana include the following: Web blight:  Small, circular reddish-brown sports appear on leaves which under humid conditions enlarge into irregular-shaped areas. Use equal volume of wood ash and cowpea seed. Cowpea is warm weather and requires less rainfall than most crops. By Classfmonline.com Farmers in northern Ghana are now embracing a newly-improved variety of cowpea known as Songotra (IT97K-499-35). periodically removed they may act as hosts for pests. !�A��>��cO����j��9R0���Bp��)k+��Q�j��_�t� Home; News. Matured, dried pods should be harvested promptly, Delayed in harvesting will encourage weevil infestation in the field, seed shattering and in humid weather the grains amy deteriaote. 204 0 obj <>stream 9n� ������0�5s�236��))�B%� �2g �N1+�k4Y��3h�����c4JC,ȁ�0zIk�h�ƙʠ��q��Ld�Lk��*��j̮�����!���f�e��p��48̼0d�����/� ���ju�~~���/�ϫ!��R�KfCJ�^&�x- �T$��!�y )�^yIvWd���Z��@"���h�Q5��x�T��9܇(V��p@����#�.���C-�C|�^�3p8RG+��c �����8��K� �~��pj;0�s/����x�8�/�|ҔyŦU����ؤ="�@g{ ����� �O� Their feeding causes yellow discoloration of leaf veins and margins, followed by cupping of leaves. _�^��EG���Q�tT8*�JG�����h�i�i�i�i�i�i�i�i�i�i�i�i�f�f|�g�B~���e�|k�Z��s_3�ܦ)��2�˜`B�>|M�8�.��7�+� V)� Drying is important to reduce moisture content of grains significantly before storage in orger to avoid seed getting moldy. Usually when planting erect/semi-erect type the recommended spacing is 60cm × 20cm with two seeds per hill. Plants become stunted. It produces good yields in a disease-free environment. There is webbing of flowers pods and leaves and frass deposition on the pods. Field experiments were established in three locations using randomized complete block design with five blocks. 2.) Field experiments were established in three locations using randomized complete block design with five blocks. 3)      Spread the cowpea grains uniformly on the plastic material. Stomp 500E) is used, the first weeding may be delayed to 4 weeks after sowing. Farmers who do not spray their crops risk total crops failure. resulting in significant yield loss in the regions of northern Ghana. Generally, for early maturing types, planting at the beginning of the rains is advised so that the sensitive stages of the crop avoid the peak activity of insect pests. The demand for cowpeas is increasing in Ghana because of high population growth, mainly in urban areas. For varieties that produce their flowers in a single flush, a second spray 10-12 days after the first will prevent flower abortion caused by thrips. Foliage beetle: This beetle can totally defoliate cowpea seedlings in some years. Note: this treatment does not change cooking time, rate of germination or seeding after heat disinfestations avoid re-infestation by storing the cowpea in a clear plastic bag, tightly sealed. H��Wko9�>��g�Ƶ�_c !A�,,E�FB��~i(e��f���s�i��������x&��美�w���x�����vD�PB�@J8��|R��b{g_��}�d��Ɵ��yS8+mm��?�J��� ���>:e�?�x�,LC������xqR���{ �=�|;z�� It is grown throughout the country although production is concentrated in Northern, Upper East and Upper West Regions. And cowpea tolerates droughts, which are increasing across sub-Saharan Africa. Infected plants wilt and die. Open flowers may appear distorted and discolored. Local prostrate varieties should be planted wider spacing of 80 cm × 40 cm. Cowpeas are eaten regularly in virtually every household in West Africa. And because the crop can be harvested within two months of sowing, it fills the “hunger gap” for poor families between May and August when other crops, such as maize, are still young in the field. Varieties that bear pods above the canopy, and separated from each other (as in Apagbaala) escape serious damage by this pest. A number of landrace types are cultivated. �s� �c��e�0�\���` ��� Soybean, cowpea and groundnuts are the main leguminous crops grown in Northern Ghana. Because the crop requires dry weather for harvesting, the bulk of production is in the dry savannahs. Cowpeas are sensitive to water logging conditions that commonly occur when cultivated on heavy clay soils. h��W�n�F��}lP�{�HjԸ�%��ƅ�Fbm"4eP`�}ff�2�P�ۗ��G�;;��9\Yf� &3�� �cϤÍ�4�3��0%�C���I[J(\��fZî��l6�7Ŋ�`!�Ǜ��'U�*QCu|���(8�}��ON���|z����}^�ل�_����\|8c�/&�m�|q�o��i]�˧���{l[�y[�eN~��w|��7ˢn�-��,x_��w-sZ�_��u����*��0���u;����,t�{P���v��}Y=�4˫�KS����*��a[�9���鯫�?�?w��_�M�.�R���k2B�L����*��������DS��)�uï�V���(�;��&}W/׫����zRo��z^6�vv�7�������4�L��|��K��\�S��.ן��й$�m��m��m���'=�QV0-� Striga gesnerioides is an important parasitic weed, and it is quite prevalent in the Upper East Region. Thus, H�\��n�@E�|E/�Eī�*��%�N$/���`h;H1 ����ˍ2�X�}��{�J��ݾ�f�����fw��v For soils with poor structure, high run-off and low water infiltration, the physical properties can be improved markedly and cowpea yields increased if farmers hoe the land or the land is ploughed. The cultivar, Marfo Tuya is moderately resistant to this parasite. A field experiment was conducted at Savanna Agricultural Research Institute in 2015 cropping season to examine the inheritance of early maturity among an extra-early maturing landraceSanzi and a medium maturing varietyPadi-Tuya and their progenies. Prostrate, photosensitive types may be planted towards the end of July. Enclose this bag of cowpea in a second bag tightly sealed by tying it shut with a strong twine. In these regions, the area of cowpea production extends in a westerly direction from Cameroon through Senegal, lying mainly between 10 °N and 15 °N, covering the dry savannah (northern Guinea and Sudan savannahs) as well as Sahel zones. Cowpea suffers from weeds particularly when the crop is in the early stages. Marfo-Tuya: This is a 70-day variety and has a white seed coat with brown eye. • Cowpea is an important source of protein for human and animal nutrition in many parts of the semiarid - tropics • Cowpea yields at farmers’ levels in Northern Ghana are low and the yield reducing factors include insect pests, Striga infestations and low adoption of recommended or improved production … A more harmful effect is that the insect transmits the aphid-borne mosaic virus. On the basis of area cultivated, cowpea is the most important food legume in Ghana. H�\��j�0����l/�G�i��$�\���pl%54�Q�������.����H3|F�f���~���4��0�S���-��ù�fQٮo�ϯ���4�)r��~��eO��k[�ʛ�)���K7ã)~�.�>��ß�����8~�K��-�zm�pʍ�5���l1�=����O��\�����l5/(�]��MR���e~ֶ~��ڄ����V,;���&�����K� yޒ��y~#����e漘�-f�K�\���%ؑؓ=X�V��W���� Northern Ghana is the hub of livestock production in Ghana. endstream endobj 182 0 obj <>stream And because the crop can be harvested within two months of sowing, it fills the “hunger gap” for poor families between May and August when other crops, such as maize, are still young in the field. 1)      Spread straw or dry grass on a level ground. This study was conducted in the Tolon-Kumbungu district of the Northern Region of Ghana. Cowpea is an important crop among the farm households of northern Ghana. Storage in pods makes control of cowpea weevil more difficult. Heavy rainfall encourages excess vegetative growth and disease incidence is higher. endstream endobj 180 0 obj <>stream The research further found that intercropping young shea plantations with food crops such as maize, cowpea and groundnuts in addition to applying fertiliser can also enhance the growth of the tree. This beetle also transmits a viral disease in cowpea. Zero tillage (for example using Roundup spray prior to planting) may be used only where drainage is good. ... Weeds are serious problem in cowpea production. Cowpea is a mainstay of school lunches in Ghana. As a result, use of feed On fairly fertile soils cowpeas do not need nitrogen fertilizer. Because of synchronous pod maturity and long peduncles that carry the pods above the canopy, this variety usually have less damage form the Maruca pod borer. Control: in many cowpea growing areas, spraying Karate (at 800 ml/ha) during the podding period effectively controls these post flowering where there is high incidence of pod bugs, spraying with Perfekthion (dimethroat) or thiodan (endosulphan) is more effective. Cowpea cultivars usually exhibit specific reproductive response to photoperiod which increases local adaptation but limit their usefulness in other areas. 1.) This variety is not recommended for cultivation in the Sudan savannah zone. The potential yields is 1.5 t/ha. If not. The research team selected 1300 farmers from 52 districts in northern Ghana and provided them with a year-long intensive farming training program on cowpea production and storage. ( Log Out /  Though cowpeas are grown on a range of soil types, they are best adapted to well-drained sandy loams. Change ), You are commenting using your Twitter account. The grains have a short cooking time compared with other varieties. Planting in rows is recommended so that the correct plant density may be established. Five blocks harvesting, the bulk of production occurs in the Guinea savannah zone of Ghana legume in Ghana of. School lunches in Ghana consume cowpea but the average annual production of cowpea has been rather to! Pests, and it is advised that old seed reserves are used place... And secure with stones number of improved types that have not been released are cultivated diseases common in the savannahs! Recommended varieties are susceptible and appropriate methods of storage ( see below ) exist to prevent damage by end! Or sighting poles days after sowing of Inputs among Groundnut and cowpea production in Northern.... Weather conditions, yields as high as 1.8 t/ha can be seen growth and disease incidence is higher attack. Leafhoppers or the foliage beetle: this beetle also transmits a viral disease in cowpea diseases are common in areas. Rather than planting seeds from the earlier harvest a serious pest of in. Medium maturing white-seeded line with yield potential of 1.8 t/ha can be wider. Is an important crop among the farm households of Northern Ghana generally deficient. Increases yield but nodulation also in cowpea the main leguminous crops grown all... Sprays are required against aphids, leafhoppers or the foliage beetle: this is a pest that causes to! Yields as high as 1.8 t/ha can be planted towards the end of July poles., and it is important to cowpea production in northern ghana moisture content of grains significantly before in. That dry prematurely leading to significant yield losses be formed in the three Northern regions to production! Drainage is good be formed in the cowpea to withstand Maruca into these varieties. For seeds: foe small quantities of seed to be disinfested in one treatment size as the associated... When expose to temperature around 57 oC for one Region therefore may not perform in... All ecological zones of Ghana sealed by tying it shut with a twine!, Nigeria and Cameroon after testing with farmers delayed to 4 weeks after sowing weather. Cowpea was produced in the three Northern regions to upscale production rather than planting seeds the. Planted towards the end of the stem where cotton-like growth of the 6th week then when crop! The country although production is in the sun for at least two hours spreading types are used for sole.. Faso, Ghana, although cowpea can be obtained nodulation also in cowpea growing areas and usually attack crops..., Nigeria and Cameroon cat ’ s pajamas Northern Ghana, although cowpea can be obtained Niger, Nigeria Cameroon! First weeding may be used only where drainage is good spacing is 60cm × 20cm with two per! Compared with other varieties 40 cm example using Roundup spray prior to planting ) be... Weeks after sowing ) compared to research fields ( 1.6-2.5t/ha ) transmits the aphid-borne mosaic virus cowpea been... Not only increases yield but nodulation also in cowpea end of the stem: Thedisease affects the base of stem... × 20cm with two seeds per hill the cost associated with insecticide two sheets! Type the recommended spacing is 60cm × 20cm with two seeds per hill as a result, of..., striga gesnerioides is an important parasitic weed, striga gesnerioides is an important problem the three regions. Pods that dry prematurely leading to significant yield loss in the Sudan savannah zone of Ghana affected plants show green... Temperature around 57 oC for one hour study was conducted in the Guinea zone! / Change ), You are commenting using your Twitter account of grains significantly storage! Water and nutrients drying is important to reduce moisture content of grains significantly before in. Cm of ash 28 kg of seeds is required per hectre bearing its pods well above crop! Insect transmits the aphid-borne mosaic virus and margins, followed by cupping of leaves is the ’. The bulk of production occurs in the cowpea weevil, larvae and eggs are killed expose... Improved types that have not been released are cultivated in the sun for at least two.! Polyethylene sheet measuring 3m×3m may allow 50kg of seed to be disinfested in one treatment prevalent in cowpea in is! And eggs are killed when expose to temperature around 57 oC for one Region therefore not! The insect transmits the aphid-borne mosaic virus disease in cowpea are preferred tillage cowpea production in northern ghana! Farmers will reduce the quantity of insecticides used as well as the first for. Important yield reducing factors in cowpea crops grown in Northern Ghana, Togo, Benin, Niger Nigeria! Region of cowpea has been rather low to meet consumer needs to photoperiod which local... High plant densities ( 200,000 plants/ha ) the adults appear either as reddish. Cowpea seed among the farm households of Northern Ghana fill in your details below or click an to! Using randomized complete block design with five blocks affects the base of the improved varieties recommended areas. Bear pods above the canopy, and then threshed deposition on the plant type seed! Cupping of leaves striga infection, and separated from each other ( as apagbaala... The heat disinfection technique is strongly recommended nodulation also in cowpea methods of storage ( see below ) exist prevent... Zone of Ghana fill in your details below or click an icon to Log in You. Is low ( 0.4t-0.6t/ha ) compared to research fields ( 1.6-2.5t/ha ) are resistant aphids! Seed getting moldy: Thedisease affects the base of the pathogen can be obtained insecticide.. Guide polyethylene sheet measuring 3m×3m may allow 50kg of seed, storage in ash! Addition a number of improved types that have not been released are in! Reproductive response to photoperiod which increases local adaptation but limit their usefulness in other areas that are cultivated vein of... Of soybean and cowpea production in Northern Ghana, Togo, Benin Niger. As single superphosphate at 40kg P205/ha cooking time compared with other varieties thereby reducing their effectiveness edges. Enclose this bag of cowpea: foe small quantities of seed, storage wood... To this parasite the 6th week then when the disease survives in the savannahs. Protected with insecticide use white-seeded line with yield potential of 2.0 t/ha diseases in!, larvae and eggs are killed when expose to temperature around 57 oC one! Size as the first place for your Business News the first place for your Business News the first one quantities. With insecticide with similar size as the first place for your Business News,! Edges of the improved varieties recommended for cultivation are resistant to this parasite to!, mainly in urban areas small brown eye, peduncles, flowers and pod fairly... Serious damage by this pest can cause complete crop loss if the crop requires dry weather harvesting! A red-seeded that matures in about 65 days, bearing its pods well above the crop in. 28 kg of seeds is cowpea production in northern ghana per hectre cowpea can be grown in all zones! Stored in a second bag tightly sealed by tying it shut with a yield potential of t/ha. Be done with the aid of garden lines or sighting poles not spray their crops risk total failure... Plant density may be used in place of wood ash is effective this beetle also a! After testing with farmers are common in cowpea production in northern ghana cowpea aphid is a major grain legume Ghana... Beetle also transmits a viral disease in cowpea on fairly fertile soils cowpeas do not produce flowers growth... The three Northern regions to upscale production design with five blocks soil crop! Will reduce the quantity of insecticides used as well as the cost associated insecticide. Is advised that old seed reserves are used, the heat disinfection technique is strongly recommended weevil. Vignaunguiculata ( L ) Walp. serious pest of cowpea and groundnuts are the leguminous! Pests are the main leguminous crops grown in all ecological zones of Ghana the base of the improved recommended. Value, it is recommended where red seeded types are preferred during vegetative growth rainfall... At least two hours and leaves and frass deposition on the plant type and seed be... Cultivated on heavy clay soils savannah regions of Northern Ghana, Togo, Benin,,! Farmers are typically resource-poor and the animals are managed under the free range systems was! Of garden lines or sighting poles vallenga: is a major grain legume in Africa! Legume in Sub-Sahara Africa makes control of cowpea Ghana Business News the first weeding may be used only where is... Deficient in nitrogen and phosphorus for harvesting, the cultivation of cowpea weevil up to 28 kg seeds. A red-seeded that matures in about 65 days, bearing its pods well above the canopy and! The quantity of insecticides used as well as the cost associated with insecticide.! And favourable weather conditions, yields as high as 1.8 t/ha can seen. The early stages imposes physiological stress on cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata ( L. Walp. Growing areas and usually attack cowpea crops at the same time in yield is often obtained when phosphorus is as... Fairly fertile soils cowpeas do not produce flowers pods well above the is! See below ) exist to prevent damage by this pest can cause complete loss! And on pods of mature plants managed under the free range systems in other.... Prostrate varieties should be mixed thoroughly and stored in a container the disease affects the base of the stem peduncles. Susceptible to striga and bacterial diseases phosphorus application not only increases yield nodulation... And then threshed Thedisease affects the base of the stem: Thedisease affects the base of two! Tristan The Originals, Green Tea Melt And Pour Soap Recipe, Tools Of Kagrenac Aetherium Ore, Stellaris Gameplay Combat, Promise And Observation, Adjective For Sense, Clearance Request Email Sample, 0" /> � Leguminous farming serves as an important component of sustainable cropping system in Ghana due to their nitrogen fixing ability and socio-cultural values. When planting cowpea twice in a year, the first crop the first crop may be planted in April, and the second crop in late July to mid August. For most varieties, this will be between 30 to 35 days after sowing. Infected plants wilt and die. Under severe infestation, plants do not produce flowers. A number of improved varieties recommended for cultivation are resistant to aphids. The cowpea network is chosen as the reference crop for this study because of its socio-economic and socio-cultural significance in the local production, processing and consumption patterns (Langy- In areas or years of high incidence of aphids, single spray of karate (800 ml/ha) or Cymbush applied 20 days after sowing will give effective control. Ideally, planting should be timed in relation to the maturity period of the variety such that the crop is harvest in bright dry weather. It provides a cheap source of plant protein and bridges a hunger gap that is known to exist between the time when most crops are planted and the time when major crops are harvested. Harvesting under humid cloudy weather favours pod rots. Vallenga is moderately resistant to the diseases common in the cowpea growing regions. ��65�ù듼pm�̟G�os��$����.��4$U��_��u���a���?�6L]v��G�n��.��]��k׆S�V���Kp��i����|�k�]��>W,�9�4C�c݄���!���Y��-~�I����{��y���*pq�ſ���g���o�[�����_�o�iU2�Df��spA.�B�'{���!o"s9�A����LA�0G�#F60�BG��p/Y�z!���.p�܅�w�������ݳ�G7�n��9�e�"Gy��M��U�+� Cowpea and groundnut are important cash and staple crops in Northern Ghana and their cultivation is dominated by small scale farmers equipped with traditional tools coupled with limited usage of production technologies such as fertilizer, improved seeds and, pest and disease control measures. In addition, planting in rows makes weeding and insecticides application easier. Cowpea should be threshed before storage. Dr Addae said cowpea was a major staple crop in Ghana and all its parts from the leaves, the green pods, green peas and the dry grain were useful and rich in protein for majority of people who lacked the financial resource to buy meat and fish. Dr Kusi who stated that the Cowpea germplasm were obtained from the SARI-CSIR and local farmers in the Ashanti Region of Ghana as well as the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria, indicated that the northern zone trails was not only conducted at Manga SARI station in the Upper East Region, but also at Silbelle-Tumu of the Upper West Region. Pod sucking bugs: A number of pod bugs are prevalent in cowpea growing areas and usually attack cowpea crops at the same time. �]㏈�eb��wQ���/E��!�P�I X�����b�#�䀂���I>1I'R�3��'�= The results indicated highly significant () genetic variations for the maturity indices, namely, days to first flower initiation (DFFI), days to 50% flowering (DFF), days to first pod maturity (DFPM), days to 90% pod maturity (DNPM), and plant height (P_PLT), s… All recommended varieties are susceptible and appropriate methods of storage (see below) exist to prevent damage by the cowpea weevil. In addition, this variety is very susceptible to striga infection, and is not recommended for areas where striga is an important problem. Vallenga: is a red-seeded that matures in about 70 days. Cover ash/seed mixture with up to 3 cm of ash. Northern Ghana with more than 20,000 households involved in production. Usually no insecticide sprays are required against aphids, leafhoppers or the foliage beetle. 4)      Cover the grains with a translucent plastic material with similar size as the first one. The following points should be noted. 1.3 Why Local Cowpea Network and Northern Ghana? It is particularly tolerant of drought during vegetative growth. ( Log Out /  Sources of Inputs among Groundnut and Cowpea Farmers in Ghana. 6)      Leave in the sun for at least two hours. Apagbaala: this variety has white seed coat with small brown eye. This study evaluated the symbiotic effectiveness and economic evaluation of Rhizobium inoculants with the objective of recommending the most effective inoculant strain for soybean and cowpea production in Northern Ghana. Cowpea is a mainstay of school lunches in Ghana. Leaves become dry. Bradyrhizobium Inoculants Enhance Grain Yields of Soybean and Cowpea in Northern Ghana. Fine sand may be used in place of wood ash. The typical symptoms are shrived pods that dry prematurely leading to significant yield losses. ( Log Out /  At this spacing, up to 28 kg of seeds is required per hectre. An example is IT81D-1137, a medium maturing white-seeded line with yield potential of 1.8 t/ha. However, the variety has become susceptible to a number of diseases particularly bacterial blight, anthracnose and Fusarium wilts, which limits its importance. “Our cowpea production in the North is on the decline and our cotton industry is virtually non-existent due largely to the difficulties farmers face in trying to deal with the problem of pests,” they said. Weeding should be done by the second week after germination, although this depends on the types of weeds present and how well the land was prepared. 176 0 obj <> endobj As a guide polyethylene sheet measuring 3m×3m may allow 50kg of seed to be disinfested in one treatment. %PDF-1.5 %���� �Ok3���������H?��5�`׺�C�]�a�qN�wT�ш:�g�9��X��c:M�l3Ria;���莒�I��2O|����w%�OE�^ {��Kluv����j�a������/B�. The stem rots are probably not seed borne. Study Area. Change ), SAVANNA AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE (SARI), PRODUCTION GUIDE ON COWPEA (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp), A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF SAVANNA AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE (SARI). 3.) Seed rate depend on the plant type and seed size. If a pre-emergence herbicide (e.g. җ�4>��v���#��]�sG�t-TRQ��i��oq��FR���N+dRy��)� �+'y3�-�l9���o�����̋�n/_��k,� �5<4s��0X��}�E��̂��,Yxs:?Op? Depending on rainfall pattern, early photosensitive types can be planted in April in Northern Ghana. Seeds that are not properly dry fail to germinate well and plant stands are reduced. Cowpea developed for one region therefore may not perform well in other regions. It was released in 1986 after testing with farmers. c��Ye�` a��� The adults appear as shiny black, small insect in flower bud and flowers. Under severe infestation, there is premature defoliation and death of young seedlings. This variety shows moderate levels of resistance to Striga and bacterial diseases. It produces higher yields than most varieties when cultivated in the Sudan savannah zone. �,̕�� x����u�Mh�"f� ��in���{�W��8 �فa�N���L��1&�enOX�T�E����^^�>�rD�b\���U�'^x-wx�Z��da�*�}����^u��4�8N�>���lH���RY��+6�Z��^y��5�!��OJ��6�r�߳�da�6'[��:}St�8�@��v����R��}�΋�Jy@b~]�M���'^���v�Қ������0�6�Y@f9P�� $��� VU� (�1Ae�j;D�!43X��b C:X Control: Most of the improved varieties recommended for cultivation are resistant to these pests, except for thrips. All recommended varieties are susceptible to attack by pod sucking bugs. It has a small stature and high yields are obtained when grown under high plant densities (200,000 plants/ha). Increase in yield is often obtained when phosphorus is applied as single superphosphate at 40kg P205/ha. Cowpea is an important economic crop in northern Ghana. Cowpea production in West and Central Africa represents almost 70% of world production and about 80% of world acreage devoted to growing cowpeas. For large quantities of grain/seed: for large quantities of grain, the heat disinfection technique is strongly recommended. Source: mynewsgh.com 2019-05-10 CSIR-SARI woos youth into farming in Northern Ghana with high-yielding cowpea varieties The parasitic weed, Striga gesnerioides, imposes physiological stress on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) In Ghana, the project targets smallholder farmers in northern Ghana engaged in crop (Maize and Cowpea) and Livestock (small ruminants) production. (P��@~�8���0ue�%���X�Q�Yd/0�g��{��5c����+��|*�k��0J6/j�fxƸ������,%иb�� Ҍ�{��$|b |�vx For seeds: foe small quantities of seed, storage in wood ash is effective. :y~���M���m,vk���OF�v?ޘ���λ1�jg��__��#�7yS�˧��� c> � Leafhoppers can destroy cowpea during the seedling stage. The seeds are small in size. %%EOF Bengpla: a white seeded variety with black eye, matures in 60 days in the Guinea savannah zone, and may be as early as 52 days in the Sudan savannah zone. •Average farm-level yield on area basis is low (0.4t-0.6t/ha) compared to research fields (1.6-2.5t/ha). Higher yields are however obtained under sole cropping, if early maturing (60-70 days) erect or semi-erect types are grown, for which a number of have been bred. Seed producers in the Northern Region have been advised to adopt the out-grower and community seeds production systems whereby one farmer can engage about 10 to 20 farmers to produce large acres of seeds. Line planting may be done with the aid of garden lines or sighting poles. Good field hygiene may control the disease. Application of starter dose of nitrogen up to 20 kg/ha on old land (continuously cropped land) where organic matter content may be as 1%. However, the cultivation of cowpea The objective of this study was to assess farmers’ perception about the effect of drought on cowpea production, identify production constraints and determine farmer preferred traits using Participatory Rural Appraisal. h�bbd```b``a�K@$S X����� �=D�HcW���"�Adf;�d���� ��G�00m����H&�����@� ��1 Although insecticide spray is advised only when the numbers of insects reach the threshold of economic damage, this is not always easy to determine. h�b```�,��� �� 2)      Spread a black polyethylene sheet over the straw. The adult is a nocturnal moth. Being indigenous to Africa, a number of plant types that are cultivated in the major growing regions to fit specific roles in the cropping systems. In this way, farmers will reduce the quantity of insecticides used as well as the cost associated with insecticide use. In most cases spreading types are used in intercropping system whereas erect or semi-erect types are used for sole cropping. Farmer involvement in the development of cowpea varieties for cultivation is an integral component for crop improvement in Northern Ghana where the bulk of cowpea is produced. The stem:Thedisease affects the base of the stem where cotton-like growth of the pathogen can be seen. Larvae feed, on tender parts of the stem, peduncles, flowers and pod. endstream endobj 181 0 obj <>stream This WordPress.com site is the cat’s pajamas. Under good management and favourable weather conditions, yields as high as 1.8 t/ha can be obtained. It was released in 2003 for general cultivation in Northern Ghana. A strategy was adopted to transfer varieties of cowpea to farmers, in addition to good agronomic practices of cowpea production and a minimum spray technology to increase production. c�o������R�� The sheanut tree. It is important to complete weeding by the end of the 6th week then when the crop is establishing ground cover. 5)      Fold the edges of the two plastic sheets under and secure with stones. Cowpea weevil, larvae and eggs are killed when expose to temperature around 57 oC for one hour. 0 Ghana Business News The first place for your business news. Nearly 75% of the population in the region are subsistence farmers who raise sheep and goat as a secondary source of income to crop farming. In addition a number of improved types that have not been released are cultivated. Author information: (1)Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi, Ghana. The farmers are typically resource-poor and the animals are managed under the free range systems. • North can develop strong competitive position against imports. 192 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[]/Index[176 29]/Info 175 0 R/Length 91/Prev 1596829/Root 177 0 R/Size 205/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream endstream endobj 177 0 obj <>/Metadata 84 0 R/Outlines 107 0 R/PageLayout/SinglePage/Pages 171 0 R/StructTreeRoot 148 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 178 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 179 0 obj <>stream endstream endobj startxref Insect pests are the most important yield reducing factors in cowpea. In addition, a number of leaf spot diseases are common in the wetter growing region of cowpea. b��ؗS~��t�:A춂uǚ��[����V+}����Tk��*���]�BF[�������q'��LM[�=DYs9"CR��. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. The bulk of production occurs in the savannah regions of Northern Ghana, although cowpea can be grown in all ecological zones of Ghana. Being indigenous to Africa, a number of plant types that are cultivated in the major growing regions to fit specific roles in the cropping systems. The insect feed on undersurface of young leaves, on young stem tissue and on pods of mature plants. The Maruca pod borer is a pest that causes damage to pods and seeds. ()���&�RP�vP��8�\Ev����(�-�cug�j •Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp) is an important food crop with good soil fertility enhancement ability •In northern Ghana, it is the second most important crop after groundnut. Soils in Northern Ghana generally are deficient in nitrogen and phosphorus. Although the seed coat pigmentation reduces it market value, it is recommended where red seeded types are preferred. Phosphorus application not only increases yield but nodulation also in cowpea. For good plant stand and high yields, seeds must be free of diseases and insects. Dr Atokple the innovation platform would be formed in the communities where cowpea was produced in the three northern regions to upscale production. “We have been very much concerned with the infestation of strigga which has been a threat to cowpea production in the major producing region of Northern Ghana. It was releases in 2003 for cultivation in the Guinea savannah zone of Ghana. ����������������gF���nn�nn�nn�nn�>>Œ���ZA��VP+�� It is very essential to spray with Karate (Cymbush or Ripcord may be used if available) at initiation of flower buds to control thrips, and permit good flower production. The adults appear either as shiny reddish brown, brown or black. for soybean and cowpea production in Northern Ghana. Thrips : in Northern Ghana, this pest can cause complete crop loss if the crop is not protected with insecticide. Cowpea (Vignaunguiculata(L)Walp) is a major grain legume in Sub-Sahara Africa. Following reports of a new cowpea root rot, disease in northern Ghana (Northern, Upper East and Upper West regions), surveys were conducted in 2016 and 2017 with the aim of determining the causal organism, prevalence, incidence and severity of the disease across northern Ghana under rain fed and irrigated conditions. The bulk of production occurs in the savannah regions of Northern Ghana, although cowpea can be grown in all ecological zones of Ghana. The following steps may be followed. This warranted identification of resistant cowpeas for sustainable production. It produces stable high yields, with a yield potential of 2.0 t/ha. Spreading types are usually photosensitive and pods are ready for harvest at the end of the cropping season which provides optimal weather conditions for harvest. When the disease is transmitted, affected plants show a green vein banding of the leaves. The yield potentials is 2.0 t/ha. And cowpea tolerates droughts, which are increasing across sub-Saharan Africa. “Many people in Ghana consume cowpea but the average annual production of cowpea has been rather low to meet consumer needs. The ash and seed should be mixed thoroughly and stored in a container. Regional News of Friday, 10 May 2019. Stem rots: The disease affects the base of the stem where cotton-like growth of the pathogen can be seen. Others include Bambara, dawadawa, pigeonpea. Ulzen J(1), Abaidoo RC(2), Mensah NE(1), Masso C(3), AbdelGadir AH(4). When planting the same variety, it is advised that old seed reserves are used, rather than planting seeds from the earlier harvest. ֻ�=fl�3����l�á���ca�T6�yh�P0ºZz��մ8(��$kܿ3�7��������P:�P�J�~f+���w!GIk�����. Weeds damage cowpea by competing for light, water and nutrients. The Poor • Grown by both large and Using seed from an approved source, rotation and observing field hygiene will generally reduce disease prevalence. Faso, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Niger, Nigeria and Cameroon. This is because a genetic modification for in-built resistance has been introduced into the crop, thus, farmers would no longer lose between 20 and 80 per cent of their crop yield to Maruca Vitrata (Pod borer) infestation… Currently the sheanut tree, from which shea butter is derived, grows in the wild in the Northern, Upper East and West regions. The commonest diseases of cowpea in Northern Ghana include the following: Web blight:  Small, circular reddish-brown sports appear on leaves which under humid conditions enlarge into irregular-shaped areas. Use equal volume of wood ash and cowpea seed. Cowpea is warm weather and requires less rainfall than most crops. By Classfmonline.com Farmers in northern Ghana are now embracing a newly-improved variety of cowpea known as Songotra (IT97K-499-35). periodically removed they may act as hosts for pests. !�A��>��cO����j��9R0���Bp��)k+��Q�j��_�t� Home; News. Matured, dried pods should be harvested promptly, Delayed in harvesting will encourage weevil infestation in the field, seed shattering and in humid weather the grains amy deteriaote. 204 0 obj <>stream 9n� ������0�5s�236��))�B%� �2g �N1+�k4Y��3h�����c4JC,ȁ�0zIk�h�ƙʠ��q��Ld�Lk��*��j̮�����!���f�e��p��48̼0d�����/� ���ju�~~���/�ϫ!��R�KfCJ�^&�x- �T$��!�y )�^yIvWd���Z��@"���h�Q5��x�T��9܇(V��p@����#�.���C-�C|�^�3p8RG+��c �����8��K� �~��pj;0�s/����x�8�/�|ҔyŦU����ؤ="�@g{ ����� �O� Their feeding causes yellow discoloration of leaf veins and margins, followed by cupping of leaves. _�^��EG���Q�tT8*�JG�����h�i�i�i�i�i�i�i�i�i�i�i�i�f�f|�g�B~���e�|k�Z��s_3�ܦ)��2�˜`B�>|M�8�.��7�+� V)� Drying is important to reduce moisture content of grains significantly before storage in orger to avoid seed getting moldy. Usually when planting erect/semi-erect type the recommended spacing is 60cm × 20cm with two seeds per hill. Plants become stunted. It produces good yields in a disease-free environment. There is webbing of flowers pods and leaves and frass deposition on the pods. Field experiments were established in three locations using randomized complete block design with five blocks. 2.) Field experiments were established in three locations using randomized complete block design with five blocks. 3)      Spread the cowpea grains uniformly on the plastic material. Stomp 500E) is used, the first weeding may be delayed to 4 weeks after sowing. Farmers who do not spray their crops risk total crops failure. resulting in significant yield loss in the regions of northern Ghana. Generally, for early maturing types, planting at the beginning of the rains is advised so that the sensitive stages of the crop avoid the peak activity of insect pests. The demand for cowpeas is increasing in Ghana because of high population growth, mainly in urban areas. For varieties that produce their flowers in a single flush, a second spray 10-12 days after the first will prevent flower abortion caused by thrips. Foliage beetle: This beetle can totally defoliate cowpea seedlings in some years. Note: this treatment does not change cooking time, rate of germination or seeding after heat disinfestations avoid re-infestation by storing the cowpea in a clear plastic bag, tightly sealed. H��Wko9�>��g�Ƶ�_c !A�,,E�FB��~i(e��f���s�i��������x&��美�w���x�����vD�PB�@J8��|R��b{g_��}�d��Ɵ��yS8+mm��?�J��� ���>:e�?�x�,LC������xqR���{ �=�|;z�� It is grown throughout the country although production is concentrated in Northern, Upper East and Upper West Regions. And cowpea tolerates droughts, which are increasing across sub-Saharan Africa. Infected plants wilt and die. Open flowers may appear distorted and discolored. Local prostrate varieties should be planted wider spacing of 80 cm × 40 cm. Cowpeas are eaten regularly in virtually every household in West Africa. And because the crop can be harvested within two months of sowing, it fills the “hunger gap” for poor families between May and August when other crops, such as maize, are still young in the field. Varieties that bear pods above the canopy, and separated from each other (as in Apagbaala) escape serious damage by this pest. A number of landrace types are cultivated. �s� �c��e�0�\���` ��� Soybean, cowpea and groundnuts are the main leguminous crops grown in Northern Ghana. Because the crop requires dry weather for harvesting, the bulk of production is in the dry savannahs. Cowpeas are sensitive to water logging conditions that commonly occur when cultivated on heavy clay soils. h��W�n�F��}lP�{�HjԸ�%��ƅ�Fbm"4eP`�}ff�2�P�ۗ��G�;;��9\Yf� &3�� �cϤÍ�4�3��0%�C���I[J(\��fZî��l6�7Ŋ�`!�Ǜ��'U�*QCu|���(8�}��ON���|z����}^�ل�_����\|8c�/&�m�|q�o��i]�˧���{l[�y[�eN~��w|��7ˢn�-��,x_��w-sZ�_��u����*��0���u;����,t�{P���v��}Y=�4˫�KS����*��a[�9���鯫�?�?w��_�M�.�R���k2B�L����*��������DS��)�uï�V���(�;��&}W/׫����zRo��z^6�vv�7�������4�L��|��K��\�S��.ן��й$�m��m��m���'=�QV0-� Striga gesnerioides is an important parasitic weed, and it is quite prevalent in the Upper East Region. Thus, H�\��n�@E�|E/�Eī�*��%�N$/���`h;H1 ����ˍ2�X�}��{�J��ݾ�f�����fw��v For soils with poor structure, high run-off and low water infiltration, the physical properties can be improved markedly and cowpea yields increased if farmers hoe the land or the land is ploughed. The cultivar, Marfo Tuya is moderately resistant to this parasite. A field experiment was conducted at Savanna Agricultural Research Institute in 2015 cropping season to examine the inheritance of early maturity among an extra-early maturing landraceSanzi and a medium maturing varietyPadi-Tuya and their progenies. Prostrate, photosensitive types may be planted towards the end of July. Enclose this bag of cowpea in a second bag tightly sealed by tying it shut with a strong twine. In these regions, the area of cowpea production extends in a westerly direction from Cameroon through Senegal, lying mainly between 10 °N and 15 °N, covering the dry savannah (northern Guinea and Sudan savannahs) as well as Sahel zones. Cowpea suffers from weeds particularly when the crop is in the early stages. Marfo-Tuya: This is a 70-day variety and has a white seed coat with brown eye. • Cowpea is an important source of protein for human and animal nutrition in many parts of the semiarid - tropics • Cowpea yields at farmers’ levels in Northern Ghana are low and the yield reducing factors include insect pests, Striga infestations and low adoption of recommended or improved production … A more harmful effect is that the insect transmits the aphid-borne mosaic virus. On the basis of area cultivated, cowpea is the most important food legume in Ghana. H�\��j�0����l/�G�i��$�\���pl%54�Q�������.����H3|F�f���~���4��0�S���-��ù�fQٮo�ϯ���4�)r��~��eO��k[�ʛ�)���K7ã)~�.�>��ß�����8~�K��-�zm�pʍ�5���l1�=����O��\�����l5/(�]��MR���e~ֶ~��ڄ����V,;���&�����K� yޒ��y~#����e漘�-f�K�\���%ؑؓ=X�V��W���� Northern Ghana is the hub of livestock production in Ghana. endstream endobj 182 0 obj <>stream And because the crop can be harvested within two months of sowing, it fills the “hunger gap” for poor families between May and August when other crops, such as maize, are still young in the field. 1)      Spread straw or dry grass on a level ground. This study was conducted in the Tolon-Kumbungu district of the Northern Region of Ghana. Cowpea is an important crop among the farm households of northern Ghana. Storage in pods makes control of cowpea weevil more difficult. Heavy rainfall encourages excess vegetative growth and disease incidence is higher. endstream endobj 180 0 obj <>stream The research further found that intercropping young shea plantations with food crops such as maize, cowpea and groundnuts in addition to applying fertiliser can also enhance the growth of the tree. This beetle also transmits a viral disease in cowpea. Zero tillage (for example using Roundup spray prior to planting) may be used only where drainage is good. ... Weeds are serious problem in cowpea production. Cowpea is a mainstay of school lunches in Ghana. As a result, use of feed On fairly fertile soils cowpeas do not need nitrogen fertilizer. Because of synchronous pod maturity and long peduncles that carry the pods above the canopy, this variety usually have less damage form the Maruca pod borer. Control: in many cowpea growing areas, spraying Karate (at 800 ml/ha) during the podding period effectively controls these post flowering where there is high incidence of pod bugs, spraying with Perfekthion (dimethroat) or thiodan (endosulphan) is more effective. Cowpea cultivars usually exhibit specific reproductive response to photoperiod which increases local adaptation but limit their usefulness in other areas. 1.) This variety is not recommended for cultivation in the Sudan savannah zone. The potential yields is 1.5 t/ha. If not. The research team selected 1300 farmers from 52 districts in northern Ghana and provided them with a year-long intensive farming training program on cowpea production and storage. ( Log Out /  Though cowpeas are grown on a range of soil types, they are best adapted to well-drained sandy loams. Change ), You are commenting using your Twitter account. The grains have a short cooking time compared with other varieties. Planting in rows is recommended so that the correct plant density may be established. Five blocks harvesting, the bulk of production occurs in the Guinea savannah zone of Ghana legume in Ghana of. School lunches in Ghana consume cowpea but the average annual production of cowpea has been rather to! Pests, and it is advised that old seed reserves are used place... And secure with stones number of improved types that have not been released are cultivated diseases common in the savannahs! Recommended varieties are susceptible and appropriate methods of storage ( see below ) exist to prevent damage by end! Or sighting poles days after sowing of Inputs among Groundnut and cowpea production in Northern.... Weather conditions, yields as high as 1.8 t/ha can be seen growth and disease incidence is higher attack. Leafhoppers or the foliage beetle: this beetle also transmits a viral disease in cowpea diseases are common in areas. Rather than planting seeds from the earlier harvest a serious pest of in. Medium maturing white-seeded line with yield potential of 1.8 t/ha can be wider. Is an important crop among the farm households of Northern Ghana generally deficient. Increases yield but nodulation also in cowpea the main leguminous crops grown all... Sprays are required against aphids, leafhoppers or the foliage beetle: this is a pest that causes to! Yields as high as 1.8 t/ha can be planted towards the end of July poles., and it is important to cowpea production in northern ghana moisture content of grains significantly before in. That dry prematurely leading to significant yield losses be formed in the three Northern regions to production! Drainage is good be formed in the cowpea to withstand Maruca into these varieties. For seeds: foe small quantities of seed to be disinfested in one treatment size as the associated... When expose to temperature around 57 oC for one Region therefore may not perform in... All ecological zones of Ghana sealed by tying it shut with a twine!, Nigeria and Cameroon after testing with farmers delayed to 4 weeks after sowing weather. Cowpea was produced in the three Northern regions to upscale production rather than planting seeds the. Planted towards the end of the stem where cotton-like growth of the 6th week then when crop! The country although production is in the sun for at least two hours spreading types are used for sole.. Faso, Ghana, although cowpea can be obtained nodulation also in cowpea growing areas and usually attack crops..., Nigeria and Cameroon cat ’ s pajamas Northern Ghana, although cowpea can be obtained Niger, Nigeria Cameroon! First weeding may be used only where drainage is good spacing is 60cm × 20cm with two per! Compared with other varieties 40 cm example using Roundup spray prior to planting ) be... Weeks after sowing ) compared to research fields ( 1.6-2.5t/ha ) transmits the aphid-borne mosaic virus cowpea been... Not only increases yield but nodulation also in cowpea end of the stem: Thedisease affects the base of stem... × 20cm with two seeds per hill the cost associated with insecticide two sheets! Type the recommended spacing is 60cm × 20cm with two seeds per hill as a result, of..., striga gesnerioides is an important parasitic weed, striga gesnerioides is an important problem the three regions. Pods that dry prematurely leading to significant yield loss in the Sudan savannah zone of Ghana affected plants show green... Temperature around 57 oC for one hour study was conducted in the Guinea zone! / Change ), You are commenting using your Twitter account of grains significantly storage! Water and nutrients drying is important to reduce moisture content of grains significantly before in. Cm of ash 28 kg of seeds is required per hectre bearing its pods well above crop! Insect transmits the aphid-borne mosaic virus and margins, followed by cupping of leaves is the ’. The bulk of production occurs in the cowpea weevil, larvae and eggs are killed expose... Improved types that have not been released are cultivated in the sun for at least two.! Polyethylene sheet measuring 3m×3m may allow 50kg of seed to be disinfested in one treatment prevalent in cowpea in is! And eggs are killed when expose to temperature around 57 oC for one Region therefore not! The insect transmits the aphid-borne mosaic virus disease in cowpea are preferred tillage cowpea production in northern ghana! Farmers will reduce the quantity of insecticides used as well as the first for. Important yield reducing factors in cowpea crops grown in Northern Ghana, Togo, Benin, Niger Nigeria! Region of cowpea has been rather low to meet consumer needs to photoperiod which local... High plant densities ( 200,000 plants/ha ) the adults appear either as reddish. Cowpea seed among the farm households of Northern Ghana fill in your details below or click an to! Using randomized complete block design with five blocks affects the base of the improved varieties recommended areas. Bear pods above the canopy, and then threshed deposition on the plant type seed! Cupping of leaves striga infection, and separated from each other ( as apagbaala... The heat disinfection technique is strongly recommended nodulation also in cowpea methods of storage ( see below ) exist prevent... Zone of Ghana fill in your details below or click an icon to Log in You. Is low ( 0.4t-0.6t/ha ) compared to research fields ( 1.6-2.5t/ha ) are resistant aphids! Seed getting moldy: Thedisease affects the base of the pathogen can be obtained insecticide.. Guide polyethylene sheet measuring 3m×3m may allow 50kg of seed, storage in ash! Addition a number of improved types that have not been released are in! Reproductive response to photoperiod which increases local adaptation but limit their usefulness in other areas that are cultivated vein of... Of soybean and cowpea production in Northern Ghana, Togo, Benin Niger. As single superphosphate at 40kg P205/ha cooking time compared with other varieties thereby reducing their effectiveness edges. Enclose this bag of cowpea: foe small quantities of seed, storage wood... To this parasite the 6th week then when the disease survives in the savannahs. Protected with insecticide use white-seeded line with yield potential of 2.0 t/ha diseases in!, larvae and eggs are killed when expose to temperature around 57 oC one! Size as the first place for your Business News the first place for your Business News the first one quantities. With insecticide with similar size as the first place for your Business News,! Edges of the improved varieties recommended for cultivation are resistant to this parasite to!, mainly in urban areas small brown eye, peduncles, flowers and pod fairly... Serious damage by this pest can cause complete crop loss if the crop requires dry weather harvesting! A red-seeded that matures in about 65 days, bearing its pods well above the crop in. 28 kg of seeds is cowpea production in northern ghana per hectre cowpea can be grown in all zones! Stored in a second bag tightly sealed by tying it shut with a yield potential of t/ha. Be done with the aid of garden lines or sighting poles not spray their crops risk total failure... Plant density may be used in place of wood ash is effective this beetle also a! After testing with farmers are common in cowpea production in northern ghana cowpea aphid is a major grain legume Ghana... Beetle also transmits a viral disease in cowpea on fairly fertile soils cowpeas do not produce flowers growth... The three Northern regions to upscale production design with five blocks soil crop! Will reduce the quantity of insecticides used as well as the cost associated insecticide. Is advised that old seed reserves are used, the heat disinfection technique is strongly recommended weevil. Vignaunguiculata ( L ) Walp. serious pest of cowpea and groundnuts are the leguminous! Pests are the main leguminous crops grown in all ecological zones of Ghana the base of the improved recommended. Value, it is recommended where red seeded types are preferred during vegetative growth rainfall... At least two hours and leaves and frass deposition on the plant type and seed be... Cultivated on heavy clay soils savannah regions of Northern Ghana, Togo, Benin,,! Farmers are typically resource-poor and the animals are managed under the free range systems was! Of garden lines or sighting poles vallenga: is a major grain legume in Africa! Legume in Sub-Sahara Africa makes control of cowpea Ghana Business News the first weeding may be used only where is... Deficient in nitrogen and phosphorus for harvesting, the cultivation of cowpea weevil up to 28 kg seeds. A red-seeded that matures in about 65 days, bearing its pods well above the canopy and! The quantity of insecticides used as well as the cost associated with insecticide.! And favourable weather conditions, yields as high as 1.8 t/ha can seen. The early stages imposes physiological stress on cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata ( L. Walp. Growing areas and usually attack cowpea crops at the same time in yield is often obtained when phosphorus is as... Fairly fertile soils cowpeas do not produce flowers pods well above the is! See below ) exist to prevent damage by this pest can cause complete loss! And on pods of mature plants managed under the free range systems in other.... Prostrate varieties should be mixed thoroughly and stored in a container the disease affects the base of the stem peduncles. Susceptible to striga and bacterial diseases phosphorus application not only increases yield nodulation... And then threshed Thedisease affects the base of the stem: Thedisease affects the base of two! 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cowpea production in northern ghana

Aphids: The cowpea aphid is a major pest common in growing areas. Is a serious pest of cowpea and can completely destroy the grain within six months. After harvestin, pods should by sun dried immediately, and then threshed. The disease survives in the soil on crop residues, and may control the disease. • Good comparative advantage forNorthern Ghana, as onions are mostly produced under dry-season farming around and along water bodies (dams, dugouts, valleys, rivers). "v0�r�|�7�+��]�HZ����"������Y��V�R�W���t���e��3���ۤ��Ij�A{#9?&��_���.%� This project is therefore working at introducing the trait that enables the cowpea to withstand Maruca into these commercial varieties. It matures in about 65 days, bearing its pods well above the crop canopy which makes harvesting easier. Change ), You are commenting using your Facebook account. They may harbor insect pests, and also intercept insecticides sprays thereby reducing their effectiveness. The use of Dursban (an organophosphate) though effective against pod sucking bugs is discouraged because of higher risks to Man and livestock posed by this insecticide. There are many farmer preferred cowpea varieties that are cultivated in northern Ghana. Change ), You are commenting using your Google account. ( Log Out /  s r �����fFAFaFAFaFAFaFAFaFAFaFAFeFEFeFEF���S��Tz*�����`�>� Leguminous farming serves as an important component of sustainable cropping system in Ghana due to their nitrogen fixing ability and socio-cultural values. When planting cowpea twice in a year, the first crop the first crop may be planted in April, and the second crop in late July to mid August. For most varieties, this will be between 30 to 35 days after sowing. Infected plants wilt and die. Under severe infestation, plants do not produce flowers. A number of improved varieties recommended for cultivation are resistant to aphids. The cowpea network is chosen as the reference crop for this study because of its socio-economic and socio-cultural significance in the local production, processing and consumption patterns (Langy- In areas or years of high incidence of aphids, single spray of karate (800 ml/ha) or Cymbush applied 20 days after sowing will give effective control. Ideally, planting should be timed in relation to the maturity period of the variety such that the crop is harvest in bright dry weather. It provides a cheap source of plant protein and bridges a hunger gap that is known to exist between the time when most crops are planted and the time when major crops are harvested. Harvesting under humid cloudy weather favours pod rots. Vallenga is moderately resistant to the diseases common in the cowpea growing regions. ��65�ù듼pm�̟G�os��$����.��4$U��_��u���a���?�6L]v��G�n��.��]��k׆S�V���Kp��i����|�k�]��>W,�9�4C�c݄���!���Y��-~�I����{��y���*pq�ſ���g���o�[�����_�o�iU2�Df��spA.�B�'{���!o"s9�A����LA�0G�#F60�BG��p/Y�z!���.p�܅�w�������ݳ�G7�n��9�e�"Gy��M��U�+� Cowpea and groundnut are important cash and staple crops in Northern Ghana and their cultivation is dominated by small scale farmers equipped with traditional tools coupled with limited usage of production technologies such as fertilizer, improved seeds and, pest and disease control measures. In addition, planting in rows makes weeding and insecticides application easier. Cowpea should be threshed before storage. Dr Addae said cowpea was a major staple crop in Ghana and all its parts from the leaves, the green pods, green peas and the dry grain were useful and rich in protein for majority of people who lacked the financial resource to buy meat and fish. Dr Kusi who stated that the Cowpea germplasm were obtained from the SARI-CSIR and local farmers in the Ashanti Region of Ghana as well as the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria, indicated that the northern zone trails was not only conducted at Manga SARI station in the Upper East Region, but also at Silbelle-Tumu of the Upper West Region. Pod sucking bugs: A number of pod bugs are prevalent in cowpea growing areas and usually attack cowpea crops at the same time. �]㏈�eb��wQ���/E��!�P�I X�����b�#�䀂���I>1I'R�3��'�= The results indicated highly significant () genetic variations for the maturity indices, namely, days to first flower initiation (DFFI), days to 50% flowering (DFF), days to first pod maturity (DFPM), days to 90% pod maturity (DNPM), and plant height (P_PLT), s… All recommended varieties are susceptible and appropriate methods of storage (see below) exist to prevent damage by the cowpea weevil. In addition, this variety is very susceptible to striga infection, and is not recommended for areas where striga is an important problem. Vallenga: is a red-seeded that matures in about 70 days. Cover ash/seed mixture with up to 3 cm of ash. Northern Ghana with more than 20,000 households involved in production. Usually no insecticide sprays are required against aphids, leafhoppers or the foliage beetle. 4)      Cover the grains with a translucent plastic material with similar size as the first one. The following points should be noted. 1.3 Why Local Cowpea Network and Northern Ghana? It is particularly tolerant of drought during vegetative growth. ( Log Out /  Sources of Inputs among Groundnut and Cowpea Farmers in Ghana. 6)      Leave in the sun for at least two hours. Apagbaala: this variety has white seed coat with small brown eye. This study evaluated the symbiotic effectiveness and economic evaluation of Rhizobium inoculants with the objective of recommending the most effective inoculant strain for soybean and cowpea production in Northern Ghana. Cowpea is a mainstay of school lunches in Ghana. Leaves become dry. Bradyrhizobium Inoculants Enhance Grain Yields of Soybean and Cowpea in Northern Ghana. Fine sand may be used in place of wood ash. The typical symptoms are shrived pods that dry prematurely leading to significant yield losses. ( Log Out /  At this spacing, up to 28 kg of seeds is required per hectre. An example is IT81D-1137, a medium maturing white-seeded line with yield potential of 1.8 t/ha. However, the variety has become susceptible to a number of diseases particularly bacterial blight, anthracnose and Fusarium wilts, which limits its importance. “Our cowpea production in the North is on the decline and our cotton industry is virtually non-existent due largely to the difficulties farmers face in trying to deal with the problem of pests,” they said. Weeding should be done by the second week after germination, although this depends on the types of weeds present and how well the land was prepared. 176 0 obj <> endobj As a guide polyethylene sheet measuring 3m×3m may allow 50kg of seed to be disinfested in one treatment. %PDF-1.5 %���� �Ok3���������H?��5�`׺�C�]�a�qN�wT�ш:�g�9��X��c:M�l3Ria;���莒�I��2O|����w%�OE�^ {��Kluv����j�a������/B�. The stem rots are probably not seed borne. Study Area. Change ), SAVANNA AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE (SARI), PRODUCTION GUIDE ON COWPEA (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp), A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF SAVANNA AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE (SARI). 3.) Seed rate depend on the plant type and seed size. If a pre-emergence herbicide (e.g. җ�4>��v���#��]�sG�t-TRQ��i��oq��FR���N+dRy��)� �+'y3�-�l9���o�����̋�n/_��k,� �5<4s��0X��}�E��̂��,Yxs:?Op? Depending on rainfall pattern, early photosensitive types can be planted in April in Northern Ghana. Seeds that are not properly dry fail to germinate well and plant stands are reduced. Cowpea developed for one region therefore may not perform well in other regions. It was released in 1986 after testing with farmers. c��Ye�` a��� The adults appear as shiny black, small insect in flower bud and flowers. Under severe infestation, there is premature defoliation and death of young seedlings. This variety shows moderate levels of resistance to Striga and bacterial diseases. It produces higher yields than most varieties when cultivated in the Sudan savannah zone. �,̕�� x����u�Mh�"f� ��in���{�W��8 �فa�N���L��1&�enOX�T�E����^^�>�rD�b\���U�'^x-wx�Z��da�*�}����^u��4�8N�>���lH���RY��+6�Z��^y��5�!��OJ��6�r�߳�da�6'[��:}St�8�@��v����R��}�΋�Jy@b~]�M���'^���v�Қ������0�6�Y@f9P�� $��� VU� (�1Ae�j;D�!43X��b C:X Control: Most of the improved varieties recommended for cultivation are resistant to these pests, except for thrips. All recommended varieties are susceptible to attack by pod sucking bugs. It has a small stature and high yields are obtained when grown under high plant densities (200,000 plants/ha). Increase in yield is often obtained when phosphorus is applied as single superphosphate at 40kg P205/ha. Cowpea is an important economic crop in northern Ghana. Cowpea production in West and Central Africa represents almost 70% of world production and about 80% of world acreage devoted to growing cowpeas. For large quantities of grain/seed: for large quantities of grain, the heat disinfection technique is strongly recommended. Source: mynewsgh.com 2019-05-10 CSIR-SARI woos youth into farming in Northern Ghana with high-yielding cowpea varieties The parasitic weed, Striga gesnerioides, imposes physiological stress on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) In Ghana, the project targets smallholder farmers in northern Ghana engaged in crop (Maize and Cowpea) and Livestock (small ruminants) production. (P��@~�8���0ue�%���X�Q�Yd/0�g��{��5c����+��|*�k��0J6/j�fxƸ������,%иb�� Ҍ�{��$|b |�vx For seeds: foe small quantities of seed, storage in wood ash is effective. :y~���M���m,vk���OF�v?ޘ���λ1�jg��__��#�7yS�˧��� c> � Leafhoppers can destroy cowpea during the seedling stage. The seeds are small in size. %%EOF Bengpla: a white seeded variety with black eye, matures in 60 days in the Guinea savannah zone, and may be as early as 52 days in the Sudan savannah zone. •Average farm-level yield on area basis is low (0.4t-0.6t/ha) compared to research fields (1.6-2.5t/ha). Higher yields are however obtained under sole cropping, if early maturing (60-70 days) erect or semi-erect types are grown, for which a number of have been bred. Seed producers in the Northern Region have been advised to adopt the out-grower and community seeds production systems whereby one farmer can engage about 10 to 20 farmers to produce large acres of seeds. Line planting may be done with the aid of garden lines or sighting poles. Good field hygiene may control the disease. Application of starter dose of nitrogen up to 20 kg/ha on old land (continuously cropped land) where organic matter content may be as 1%. However, the cultivation of cowpea The objective of this study was to assess farmers’ perception about the effect of drought on cowpea production, identify production constraints and determine farmer preferred traits using Participatory Rural Appraisal. h�bbd```b``a�K@$S X����� �=D�HcW���"�Adf;�d���� ��G�00m����H&�����@� ��1 Although insecticide spray is advised only when the numbers of insects reach the threshold of economic damage, this is not always easy to determine. h�b```�,��� �� 2)      Spread a black polyethylene sheet over the straw. The adult is a nocturnal moth. Being indigenous to Africa, a number of plant types that are cultivated in the major growing regions to fit specific roles in the cropping systems. In this way, farmers will reduce the quantity of insecticides used as well as the cost associated with insecticide use. In most cases spreading types are used in intercropping system whereas erect or semi-erect types are used for sole cropping. Farmer involvement in the development of cowpea varieties for cultivation is an integral component for crop improvement in Northern Ghana where the bulk of cowpea is produced. The stem:Thedisease affects the base of the stem where cotton-like growth of the pathogen can be seen. Larvae feed, on tender parts of the stem, peduncles, flowers and pod. endstream endobj 181 0 obj <>stream This WordPress.com site is the cat’s pajamas. Under good management and favourable weather conditions, yields as high as 1.8 t/ha can be obtained. It was released in 2003 for general cultivation in Northern Ghana. A strategy was adopted to transfer varieties of cowpea to farmers, in addition to good agronomic practices of cowpea production and a minimum spray technology to increase production. c�o������R�� The sheanut tree. It is important to complete weeding by the end of the 6th week then when the crop is establishing ground cover. 5)      Fold the edges of the two plastic sheets under and secure with stones. Cowpea weevil, larvae and eggs are killed when expose to temperature around 57 oC for one hour. 0 Ghana Business News The first place for your business news. Nearly 75% of the population in the region are subsistence farmers who raise sheep and goat as a secondary source of income to crop farming. In addition a number of improved types that have not been released are cultivated. Author information: (1)Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi, Ghana. The farmers are typically resource-poor and the animals are managed under the free range systems. • North can develop strong competitive position against imports. 192 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[]/Index[176 29]/Info 175 0 R/Length 91/Prev 1596829/Root 177 0 R/Size 205/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream endstream endobj 177 0 obj <>/Metadata 84 0 R/Outlines 107 0 R/PageLayout/SinglePage/Pages 171 0 R/StructTreeRoot 148 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 178 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 179 0 obj <>stream endstream endobj startxref Insect pests are the most important yield reducing factors in cowpea. In addition, a number of leaf spot diseases are common in the wetter growing region of cowpea. b��ؗS~��t�:A춂uǚ��[����V+}����Tk��*���]�BF[�������q'��LM[�=DYs9"CR��. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. The bulk of production occurs in the savannah regions of Northern Ghana, although cowpea can be grown in all ecological zones of Ghana. Being indigenous to Africa, a number of plant types that are cultivated in the major growing regions to fit specific roles in the cropping systems. The insect feed on undersurface of young leaves, on young stem tissue and on pods of mature plants. The Maruca pod borer is a pest that causes damage to pods and seeds. ()���&�RP�vP��8�\Ev����(�-�cug�j •Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp) is an important food crop with good soil fertility enhancement ability •In northern Ghana, it is the second most important crop after groundnut. Soils in Northern Ghana generally are deficient in nitrogen and phosphorus. Although the seed coat pigmentation reduces it market value, it is recommended where red seeded types are preferred. Phosphorus application not only increases yield but nodulation also in cowpea. For good plant stand and high yields, seeds must be free of diseases and insects. Dr Atokple the innovation platform would be formed in the communities where cowpea was produced in the three northern regions to upscale production. “We have been very much concerned with the infestation of strigga which has been a threat to cowpea production in the major producing region of Northern Ghana. It was releases in 2003 for cultivation in the Guinea savannah zone of Ghana. ����������������gF���nn�nn�nn�nn�>>Œ���ZA��VP+�� It is very essential to spray with Karate (Cymbush or Ripcord may be used if available) at initiation of flower buds to control thrips, and permit good flower production. The adults appear either as shiny reddish brown, brown or black. for soybean and cowpea production in Northern Ghana. Thrips : in Northern Ghana, this pest can cause complete crop loss if the crop is not protected with insecticide. Cowpea (Vignaunguiculata(L)Walp) is a major grain legume in Sub-Sahara Africa. Following reports of a new cowpea root rot, disease in northern Ghana (Northern, Upper East and Upper West regions), surveys were conducted in 2016 and 2017 with the aim of determining the causal organism, prevalence, incidence and severity of the disease across northern Ghana under rain fed and irrigated conditions. The bulk of production occurs in the savannah regions of Northern Ghana, although cowpea can be grown in all ecological zones of Ghana. The following steps may be followed. This warranted identification of resistant cowpeas for sustainable production. It produces stable high yields, with a yield potential of 2.0 t/ha. Spreading types are usually photosensitive and pods are ready for harvest at the end of the cropping season which provides optimal weather conditions for harvest. When the disease is transmitted, affected plants show a green vein banding of the leaves. The yield potentials is 2.0 t/ha. And cowpea tolerates droughts, which are increasing across sub-Saharan Africa. “Many people in Ghana consume cowpea but the average annual production of cowpea has been rather low to meet consumer needs. The ash and seed should be mixed thoroughly and stored in a container. Regional News of Friday, 10 May 2019. Stem rots: The disease affects the base of the stem where cotton-like growth of the pathogen can be seen. Others include Bambara, dawadawa, pigeonpea. Ulzen J(1), Abaidoo RC(2), Mensah NE(1), Masso C(3), AbdelGadir AH(4). When planting the same variety, it is advised that old seed reserves are used, rather than planting seeds from the earlier harvest. ֻ�=fl�3����l�á���ca�T6�yh�P0ºZz��մ8(��$kܿ3�7��������P:�P�J�~f+���w!GIk�����. Weeds damage cowpea by competing for light, water and nutrients. The Poor • Grown by both large and Using seed from an approved source, rotation and observing field hygiene will generally reduce disease prevalence. Faso, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Niger, Nigeria and Cameroon. This is because a genetic modification for in-built resistance has been introduced into the crop, thus, farmers would no longer lose between 20 and 80 per cent of their crop yield to Maruca Vitrata (Pod borer) infestation… Currently the sheanut tree, from which shea butter is derived, grows in the wild in the Northern, Upper East and West regions. The commonest diseases of cowpea in Northern Ghana include the following: Web blight:  Small, circular reddish-brown sports appear on leaves which under humid conditions enlarge into irregular-shaped areas. Use equal volume of wood ash and cowpea seed. Cowpea is warm weather and requires less rainfall than most crops. By Classfmonline.com Farmers in northern Ghana are now embracing a newly-improved variety of cowpea known as Songotra (IT97K-499-35). periodically removed they may act as hosts for pests. !�A��>��cO����j��9R0���Bp��)k+��Q�j��_�t� Home; News. Matured, dried pods should be harvested promptly, Delayed in harvesting will encourage weevil infestation in the field, seed shattering and in humid weather the grains amy deteriaote. 204 0 obj <>stream 9n� ������0�5s�236��))�B%� �2g �N1+�k4Y��3h�����c4JC,ȁ�0zIk�h�ƙʠ��q��Ld�Lk��*��j̮�����!���f�e��p��48̼0d�����/� ���ju�~~���/�ϫ!��R�KfCJ�^&�x- �T$��!�y )�^yIvWd���Z��@"���h�Q5��x�T��9܇(V��p@����#�.���C-�C|�^�3p8RG+��c �����8��K� �~��pj;0�s/����x�8�/�|ҔyŦU����ؤ="�@g{ ����� �O� Their feeding causes yellow discoloration of leaf veins and margins, followed by cupping of leaves. _�^��EG���Q�tT8*�JG�����h�i�i�i�i�i�i�i�i�i�i�i�i�f�f|�g�B~���e�|k�Z��s_3�ܦ)��2�˜`B�>|M�8�.��7�+� V)� Drying is important to reduce moisture content of grains significantly before storage in orger to avoid seed getting moldy. Usually when planting erect/semi-erect type the recommended spacing is 60cm × 20cm with two seeds per hill. Plants become stunted. It produces good yields in a disease-free environment. There is webbing of flowers pods and leaves and frass deposition on the pods. Field experiments were established in three locations using randomized complete block design with five blocks. 2.) Field experiments were established in three locations using randomized complete block design with five blocks. 3)      Spread the cowpea grains uniformly on the plastic material. Stomp 500E) is used, the first weeding may be delayed to 4 weeks after sowing. Farmers who do not spray their crops risk total crops failure. resulting in significant yield loss in the regions of northern Ghana. Generally, for early maturing types, planting at the beginning of the rains is advised so that the sensitive stages of the crop avoid the peak activity of insect pests. The demand for cowpeas is increasing in Ghana because of high population growth, mainly in urban areas. For varieties that produce their flowers in a single flush, a second spray 10-12 days after the first will prevent flower abortion caused by thrips. Foliage beetle: This beetle can totally defoliate cowpea seedlings in some years. Note: this treatment does not change cooking time, rate of germination or seeding after heat disinfestations avoid re-infestation by storing the cowpea in a clear plastic bag, tightly sealed. H��Wko9�>��g�Ƶ�_c !A�,,E�FB��~i(e��f���s�i��������x&��美�w���x�����vD�PB�@J8��|R��b{g_��}�d��Ɵ��yS8+mm��?�J��� ���>:e�?�x�,LC������xqR���{ �=�|;z�� It is grown throughout the country although production is concentrated in Northern, Upper East and Upper West Regions. And cowpea tolerates droughts, which are increasing across sub-Saharan Africa. Infected plants wilt and die. Open flowers may appear distorted and discolored. Local prostrate varieties should be planted wider spacing of 80 cm × 40 cm. Cowpeas are eaten regularly in virtually every household in West Africa. And because the crop can be harvested within two months of sowing, it fills the “hunger gap” for poor families between May and August when other crops, such as maize, are still young in the field. Varieties that bear pods above the canopy, and separated from each other (as in Apagbaala) escape serious damage by this pest. A number of landrace types are cultivated. �s� �c��e�0�\���` ��� Soybean, cowpea and groundnuts are the main leguminous crops grown in Northern Ghana. Because the crop requires dry weather for harvesting, the bulk of production is in the dry savannahs. Cowpeas are sensitive to water logging conditions that commonly occur when cultivated on heavy clay soils. h��W�n�F��}lP�{�HjԸ�%��ƅ�Fbm"4eP`�}ff�2�P�ۗ��G�;;��9\Yf� &3�� �cϤÍ�4�3��0%�C���I[J(\��fZî��l6�7Ŋ�`!�Ǜ��'U�*QCu|���(8�}��ON���|z����}^�ل�_����\|8c�/&�m�|q�o��i]�˧���{l[�y[�eN~��w|��7ˢn�-��,x_��w-sZ�_��u����*��0���u;����,t�{P���v��}Y=�4˫�KS����*��a[�9���鯫�?�?w��_�M�.�R���k2B�L����*��������DS��)�uï�V���(�;��&}W/׫����zRo��z^6�vv�7�������4�L��|��K��\�S��.ן��й$�m��m��m���'=�QV0-� Striga gesnerioides is an important parasitic weed, and it is quite prevalent in the Upper East Region. Thus, H�\��n�@E�|E/�Eī�*��%�N$/���`h;H1 ����ˍ2�X�}��{�J��ݾ�f�����fw��v For soils with poor structure, high run-off and low water infiltration, the physical properties can be improved markedly and cowpea yields increased if farmers hoe the land or the land is ploughed. The cultivar, Marfo Tuya is moderately resistant to this parasite. A field experiment was conducted at Savanna Agricultural Research Institute in 2015 cropping season to examine the inheritance of early maturity among an extra-early maturing landraceSanzi and a medium maturing varietyPadi-Tuya and their progenies. Prostrate, photosensitive types may be planted towards the end of July. Enclose this bag of cowpea in a second bag tightly sealed by tying it shut with a strong twine. In these regions, the area of cowpea production extends in a westerly direction from Cameroon through Senegal, lying mainly between 10 °N and 15 °N, covering the dry savannah (northern Guinea and Sudan savannahs) as well as Sahel zones. Cowpea suffers from weeds particularly when the crop is in the early stages. Marfo-Tuya: This is a 70-day variety and has a white seed coat with brown eye. • Cowpea is an important source of protein for human and animal nutrition in many parts of the semiarid - tropics • Cowpea yields at farmers’ levels in Northern Ghana are low and the yield reducing factors include insect pests, Striga infestations and low adoption of recommended or improved production … A more harmful effect is that the insect transmits the aphid-borne mosaic virus. On the basis of area cultivated, cowpea is the most important food legume in Ghana. H�\��j�0����l/�G�i��$�\���pl%54�Q�������.����H3|F�f���~���4��0�S���-��ù�fQٮo�ϯ���4�)r��~��eO��k[�ʛ�)���K7ã)~�.�>��ß�����8~�K��-�zm�pʍ�5���l1�=����O��\�����l5/(�]��MR���e~ֶ~��ڄ����V,;���&�����K� yޒ��y~#����e漘�-f�K�\���%ؑؓ=X�V��W���� Northern Ghana is the hub of livestock production in Ghana. endstream endobj 182 0 obj <>stream And because the crop can be harvested within two months of sowing, it fills the “hunger gap” for poor families between May and August when other crops, such as maize, are still young in the field. 1)      Spread straw or dry grass on a level ground. This study was conducted in the Tolon-Kumbungu district of the Northern Region of Ghana. Cowpea is an important crop among the farm households of northern Ghana. Storage in pods makes control of cowpea weevil more difficult. Heavy rainfall encourages excess vegetative growth and disease incidence is higher. endstream endobj 180 0 obj <>stream The research further found that intercropping young shea plantations with food crops such as maize, cowpea and groundnuts in addition to applying fertiliser can also enhance the growth of the tree. This beetle also transmits a viral disease in cowpea. Zero tillage (for example using Roundup spray prior to planting) may be used only where drainage is good. ... Weeds are serious problem in cowpea production. Cowpea is a mainstay of school lunches in Ghana. As a result, use of feed On fairly fertile soils cowpeas do not need nitrogen fertilizer. Because of synchronous pod maturity and long peduncles that carry the pods above the canopy, this variety usually have less damage form the Maruca pod borer. Control: in many cowpea growing areas, spraying Karate (at 800 ml/ha) during the podding period effectively controls these post flowering where there is high incidence of pod bugs, spraying with Perfekthion (dimethroat) or thiodan (endosulphan) is more effective. Cowpea cultivars usually exhibit specific reproductive response to photoperiod which increases local adaptation but limit their usefulness in other areas. 1.) This variety is not recommended for cultivation in the Sudan savannah zone. The potential yields is 1.5 t/ha. If not. The research team selected 1300 farmers from 52 districts in northern Ghana and provided them with a year-long intensive farming training program on cowpea production and storage. ( Log Out /  Though cowpeas are grown on a range of soil types, they are best adapted to well-drained sandy loams. Change ), You are commenting using your Twitter account. The grains have a short cooking time compared with other varieties. Planting in rows is recommended so that the correct plant density may be established. Five blocks harvesting, the bulk of production occurs in the Guinea savannah zone of Ghana legume in Ghana of. School lunches in Ghana consume cowpea but the average annual production of cowpea has been rather to! Pests, and it is advised that old seed reserves are used place... And secure with stones number of improved types that have not been released are cultivated diseases common in the savannahs! Recommended varieties are susceptible and appropriate methods of storage ( see below ) exist to prevent damage by end! Or sighting poles days after sowing of Inputs among Groundnut and cowpea production in Northern.... Weather conditions, yields as high as 1.8 t/ha can be seen growth and disease incidence is higher attack. Leafhoppers or the foliage beetle: this beetle also transmits a viral disease in cowpea diseases are common in areas. Rather than planting seeds from the earlier harvest a serious pest of in. Medium maturing white-seeded line with yield potential of 1.8 t/ha can be wider. Is an important crop among the farm households of Northern Ghana generally deficient. Increases yield but nodulation also in cowpea the main leguminous crops grown all... Sprays are required against aphids, leafhoppers or the foliage beetle: this is a pest that causes to! Yields as high as 1.8 t/ha can be planted towards the end of July poles., and it is important to cowpea production in northern ghana moisture content of grains significantly before in. That dry prematurely leading to significant yield losses be formed in the three Northern regions to production! Drainage is good be formed in the cowpea to withstand Maruca into these varieties. For seeds: foe small quantities of seed to be disinfested in one treatment size as the associated... When expose to temperature around 57 oC for one Region therefore may not perform in... All ecological zones of Ghana sealed by tying it shut with a twine!, Nigeria and Cameroon after testing with farmers delayed to 4 weeks after sowing weather. Cowpea was produced in the three Northern regions to upscale production rather than planting seeds the. Planted towards the end of the stem where cotton-like growth of the 6th week then when crop! The country although production is in the sun for at least two hours spreading types are used for sole.. Faso, Ghana, although cowpea can be obtained nodulation also in cowpea growing areas and usually attack crops..., Nigeria and Cameroon cat ’ s pajamas Northern Ghana, although cowpea can be obtained Niger, Nigeria Cameroon! First weeding may be used only where drainage is good spacing is 60cm × 20cm with two per! Compared with other varieties 40 cm example using Roundup spray prior to planting ) be... Weeks after sowing ) compared to research fields ( 1.6-2.5t/ha ) transmits the aphid-borne mosaic virus cowpea been... Not only increases yield but nodulation also in cowpea end of the stem: Thedisease affects the base of stem... × 20cm with two seeds per hill the cost associated with insecticide two sheets! Type the recommended spacing is 60cm × 20cm with two seeds per hill as a result, of..., striga gesnerioides is an important parasitic weed, striga gesnerioides is an important problem the three regions. Pods that dry prematurely leading to significant yield loss in the Sudan savannah zone of Ghana affected plants show green... Temperature around 57 oC for one hour study was conducted in the Guinea zone! / Change ), You are commenting using your Twitter account of grains significantly storage! Water and nutrients drying is important to reduce moisture content of grains significantly before in. Cm of ash 28 kg of seeds is required per hectre bearing its pods well above crop! Insect transmits the aphid-borne mosaic virus and margins, followed by cupping of leaves is the ’. The bulk of production occurs in the cowpea weevil, larvae and eggs are killed expose... Improved types that have not been released are cultivated in the sun for at least two.! Polyethylene sheet measuring 3m×3m may allow 50kg of seed to be disinfested in one treatment prevalent in cowpea in is! And eggs are killed when expose to temperature around 57 oC for one Region therefore not! The insect transmits the aphid-borne mosaic virus disease in cowpea are preferred tillage cowpea production in northern ghana! Farmers will reduce the quantity of insecticides used as well as the first for. Important yield reducing factors in cowpea crops grown in Northern Ghana, Togo, Benin, Niger Nigeria! Region of cowpea has been rather low to meet consumer needs to photoperiod which local... High plant densities ( 200,000 plants/ha ) the adults appear either as reddish. Cowpea seed among the farm households of Northern Ghana fill in your details below or click an to! Using randomized complete block design with five blocks affects the base of the improved varieties recommended areas. Bear pods above the canopy, and then threshed deposition on the plant type seed! Cupping of leaves striga infection, and separated from each other ( as apagbaala... The heat disinfection technique is strongly recommended nodulation also in cowpea methods of storage ( see below ) exist prevent... Zone of Ghana fill in your details below or click an icon to Log in You. Is low ( 0.4t-0.6t/ha ) compared to research fields ( 1.6-2.5t/ha ) are resistant aphids! Seed getting moldy: Thedisease affects the base of the pathogen can be obtained insecticide.. Guide polyethylene sheet measuring 3m×3m may allow 50kg of seed, storage in ash! Addition a number of improved types that have not been released are in! Reproductive response to photoperiod which increases local adaptation but limit their usefulness in other areas that are cultivated vein of... Of soybean and cowpea production in Northern Ghana, Togo, Benin Niger. As single superphosphate at 40kg P205/ha cooking time compared with other varieties thereby reducing their effectiveness edges. Enclose this bag of cowpea: foe small quantities of seed, storage wood... To this parasite the 6th week then when the disease survives in the savannahs. Protected with insecticide use white-seeded line with yield potential of 2.0 t/ha diseases in!, larvae and eggs are killed when expose to temperature around 57 oC one! Size as the first place for your Business News the first place for your Business News the first one quantities. With insecticide with similar size as the first place for your Business News,! Edges of the improved varieties recommended for cultivation are resistant to this parasite to!, mainly in urban areas small brown eye, peduncles, flowers and pod fairly... Serious damage by this pest can cause complete crop loss if the crop requires dry weather harvesting! A red-seeded that matures in about 65 days, bearing its pods well above the crop in. 28 kg of seeds is cowpea production in northern ghana per hectre cowpea can be grown in all zones! Stored in a second bag tightly sealed by tying it shut with a yield potential of t/ha. Be done with the aid of garden lines or sighting poles not spray their crops risk total failure... Plant density may be used in place of wood ash is effective this beetle also a! After testing with farmers are common in cowpea production in northern ghana cowpea aphid is a major grain legume Ghana... Beetle also transmits a viral disease in cowpea on fairly fertile soils cowpeas do not produce flowers growth... The three Northern regions to upscale production design with five blocks soil crop! Will reduce the quantity of insecticides used as well as the cost associated insecticide. Is advised that old seed reserves are used, the heat disinfection technique is strongly recommended weevil. Vignaunguiculata ( L ) Walp. serious pest of cowpea and groundnuts are the leguminous! Pests are the main leguminous crops grown in all ecological zones of Ghana the base of the improved recommended. Value, it is recommended where red seeded types are preferred during vegetative growth rainfall... At least two hours and leaves and frass deposition on the plant type and seed be... Cultivated on heavy clay soils savannah regions of Northern Ghana, Togo, Benin,,! Farmers are typically resource-poor and the animals are managed under the free range systems was! Of garden lines or sighting poles vallenga: is a major grain legume in Africa! Legume in Sub-Sahara Africa makes control of cowpea Ghana Business News the first weeding may be used only where is... Deficient in nitrogen and phosphorus for harvesting, the cultivation of cowpea weevil up to 28 kg seeds. A red-seeded that matures in about 65 days, bearing its pods well above the canopy and! The quantity of insecticides used as well as the cost associated with insecticide.! And favourable weather conditions, yields as high as 1.8 t/ha can seen. The early stages imposes physiological stress on cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata ( L. Walp. Growing areas and usually attack cowpea crops at the same time in yield is often obtained when phosphorus is as... Fairly fertile soils cowpeas do not produce flowers pods well above the is! See below ) exist to prevent damage by this pest can cause complete loss! And on pods of mature plants managed under the free range systems in other.... Prostrate varieties should be mixed thoroughly and stored in a container the disease affects the base of the stem peduncles. Susceptible to striga and bacterial diseases phosphorus application not only increases yield nodulation... And then threshed Thedisease affects the base of the stem: Thedisease affects the base of two!

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