Thomas and John Holland. [2][121] Yet his actions were too extreme, and too abrupt. (II. Eleanor of Aquitaine, also called Eleanor of Guyenne, French Éléonore or Aliénor, d’Aquitaine or de Guyenne, (born c. 1122—died April 1, 1204, Fontevrault, Anjou, France), queen consort of both Louis VII of France (1137–52) and Henry II of England (1152–1204) and mother of Richard I (the Lion-Heart) and John of England. Although one chronicle suggested that a plot was being planned against the king, there is no evidence that this was the case. 10. This all changed when it was revealed that the earls of Huntingdon, Kent, and Salisbury and Lord Despenser, and possibly also the Earl of Rutland – all now demoted from the ranks they had been given by Richard – were planning to murder the new king and restore Richard in the Epiphany Rising. See also Levey, pp. It is still in Munich. By 1349 Holland R 345 Item, j autre ceinture d'or d'orfevre, de plumes Coronation: January 8, 1397; Children: none; Also married to Charles, Duke of Orleans, 1406. Richard, despite two marriages, to Anne and Isabelle of France, had no children, and was overthrown in 1399 by his cousin, Henry Bolingbroke (Henry IV). It delegated all parliamentary power to a committee of twelve lords and six commoners chosen from the king's friends, making Richard an absolute ruler unbound by the necessity of gathering a Parliament again. On 28 June at Billericay, he defeated the last rebels in a small skirmish and effectively ended the Peasants' Revolt. His kingship was thought to contain elements of the early modern absolute monarchy as exemplified by the Tudor dynasty. It is a heartfelt plea to God that Richard may reform. [2] At the parliament of October that year, Michael de la Pole – in his capacity of chancellor – requested taxation of an unprecedented level for the defence of the realm. [85] The greatest poet of the age, Geoffrey Chaucer, served the king as a diplomat, a customs official and a clerk of The King's Works while producing some of his best-known work. Richard makes a brief journey to Ireland, but no scenes take place there, and it is in this time away from England that Henry takes action and Richard essentially loses his crown. [73] Richard rejected the approach his grandfather Edward III had taken to the nobility. [20] Furthermore, the marriage was childless. d. ^ This "appeal" – which would give its name to the Lords Appellant – was not an appeal in the modern sense of an application to a higher authority. The precedence could indeed be seen to invalidate the English claim to the French throne, based on succession through the female line, over which the Hundred Years' War was being fought. Epithet: Mother of Richard II. [43] The proceedings went further, and a number of Richard's chamber knights were also executed, among these Burley. Because his father died prematurely in 1376, Richard succeeded his grandfather Edward III as king in June 1377. John of Gaunt's Savoy Palace was burnt down. While recruiting retainers for himself in various counties, he prosecuted local men who had been loyal to the appellants. Jun 4, 2017 - The story of the beautiful wife of the Black Prince and mother of Richard II. [14] He agreed to the rebels' demands, but this move only emboldened them; they continued their looting and killings. Richard of Bordeaux was the younger son of Edward, Prince of Wales, and Joan, Countess of Kent. [120] More recently, Richard's concept of kingship has been seen by some as not so different from that of his antecedents, and that it was exactly by staying within the framework of traditional monarchy that he was able to achieve as much as he did. [2], It is only with the Peasants' Revolt that Richard starts to emerge clearly in the annals. [81], Among Richard's grandest projects in the field of architecture was Westminster Hall, which was extensively rebuilt during his reign,[82] perhaps spurred on by the completion in 1391 of John of Gaunt's magnificent hall at Kenilworth Castle. You can easily improve your search by specifying the number of letters in the answer. Richard was the son of Thomas Abberbury of Donnington in Berkshire and Steeple Aston in Oxfordshire. [117] This was challenged by V. H. Galbraith, who argued that there was no historical basis for such a diagnosis,[118] a line that has also been followed by later historians of the period, such as Anthony Goodman and Anthony Tuck. a strap of black silk, estimated value, 20. [2][124] ii. The marriage had been agreed upon as of 2 May 1381; Saul (1997), p. 87. In medieval common law the appeal was criminal charge, often one of treason. [74] In Richard's view, this put a dangerous amount of power in the hands of the baronage. [30] The relationship between Richard and his uncle John of Gaunt deteriorated further with military failure, and Gaunt left England to pursue his claim to the throne of Castile in 1386 amid rumours of a plot against his person. ^ It has been speculated that the whole incident surrounding the killing of Wat Tyler was in fact planned in advance by the council, in order to end the rebellion. [37] By installing de Vere as Justice of Chester, he began the work of creating a loyal military power base in Cheshire. [2] The rebellion started in Kent and Essex in late May, and on 12 June, bands of peasants gathered at Blackheath near London under the leaders Wat Tyler, John Ball, and Jack Straw. Very little is known of the valuables possessed by Joan. A firm believer in the royal prerogative, Richard restrained the power of the aristocracy and relied on a private retinue for military protection instead. [127], "Richard II" redirects here. 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