Theory stating that gender differences mainly result from the contrasting roles of females and males, with females having less power and status and controlling fewer resources than males. Masculinity--assertive, independent, dominant competitive--… the idea that pressures to behave in sex-appropriate ways inte… process by which individuals acquire the characteristics and b… Claire possesses both highly masculine… androgynous. The gender similarities hypothesis holds that males and females are similar on most, but not all, psychological variables. boys are more likely than girls to initiate and maintain role and group boundaries. gender intensification hypothesis. Gender Intensification Hypothesis: Definition. children gender self-socialize, which means ___, -ideas/thoughts about gender guide their behavior, children construct gender understanding using ___, Kohlberg's 3 stages of Cognitive Development (in gender development), -children show awareness of their gender (~30 months), -children realize that gender is stable over time, -children understand that gender is invariant in spite of superficial changes in appearance/activities, children create ___ to help them understand gender & direct behavior, -mental representations incorporating everything known about gender, things/people MATCHING their own gender identity, gender schemas can be modified through ___, girl---> truck is for boys; doll is for girls---> gender identity (I am a girl)---> so, it is for me therefore... approach, gather information, and remember information, Bussey and Bandura (1999) Social Cognitive Theory of Gender Development, theory of gender development based on Bandura's social cognitive theory (think Bobo), Social cognitive theory of gender development, experiencing the reactions one's behavior evokes in others. small but consistent gender differences have been found in all of the following domains EXCEPT: small but consistent gender differences have been found in all these domains. the establishment of more adultlike and less childlish close relationships with family memebers and peers: Term. These pressures are thought to come from a variety of sources and are intended to prepare adolescents for their adult roles as women and men. The Hypothesis: The gender similarities hypothesis holds that males and females are similar on most, but not all, psychological variables. Current opinion in neurobiology, 38, 53-56. How old is Jesse? which of the following statements is false? These pressures are thought to come from a variety of sources and are intended to prepare adolescents for their adult roles as women and men. Hypothesis. 2016 update: Hyde, J. S. (2016). In terms of effect sizes, the gender similarities hypothesis states that most psychological gender differences are in the close-to- Quizlet makes simple learning tools that let you study anything. Hypothesis definition, a proposition, or set of propositions, set forth as an explanation for the occurrence of some specified group of phenomena, either asserted merely as a provisional conjecture to guide investigation (working hypothesis ) or accepted as highly probable in … the gender similarities hypothesis emphasizes that in the development of cognitive behaviors and social abilities: similarities between boys and girls far outweigh differences. American psychologist, 60(6), 581-592. At approximately what age do children begin to stereotype characteristics according to gender? D. Boys from low-aggressive communities are more aggressive than girls from high-aggressive communities. Theory stating that an individual's attention and behavior are guided by an internal motivation to conform to gender-biased sociocultural standards and stereotypes. Based on your knowledge of human physiology, you formulate a hypothesis that men are, on average, taller than women. Some theorists and researchers have proposed that with the onset of puberty, girls and noys, experience and … Emotional Autonomy: Definition. Author information: (1)Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Penn State University, University Park 16802, USA. at approximately what age do children start to show a clear understanding that gender is a social category? in general, society finds it less acceptable for boys to engage in activities thought to be more appropriate for girls than for girls to engage in activities thought to be more appropriate for boys. Gender differences favored boys for math and girls for English, with little evidence for gender intensification or gender convergence hypotheses. Gender Development is a result of the interaction between ___, when we study gender differences (behavioral OR cognitive), we need to consider ___, our textbook mostly uses binary male.female distinction... there is ___, not much research on other gender identities (book is outdated in this aspect), biological influences on gender development include ___, gender differences in behaviors evolved because they offered ____, gender-associated behavior with traditional binary gender roles, gender differences in behavior include ___ and ___, children's ____ supports the evolutionary theory of biological influences, criticisms of the evolutionary approach to biological differences include ___, -circular reasoning (cannot tell which came before which; difference is considered as being adaptive during evolution because the gender difference exists today), Neuroscience Approach: gender differences in behavior reflect ___, different ratios of make and female sex hormones, higher in males than females (because androgens are male sex hormones), brain differences between females and males, -studies are done with mostly adult brains--- so the differences might be a result of biological or environmental factors (or even both), -behavior that is consistent with one's gender, -behavior that is consistent with the "opposite" gender, -the process of gender socialization and devlopment. The null hypothesis is a prediction of no relationship between the variables you are interested in. this is called: concerning physical growth, which of the following statements is true? CHAPTER 1: AN INTRODUCTION TO GENDER We are surrounded by gender lore from the time we are very small. The gender similarities hypothesis. in a typical boy's peer group during middle childhood, which norm is not likely to be valued? Emphasizes the dominant/submissive nature of the male/female relationship and perpetuates gender inequality. See more. Become your most unstoppable self . The belief that, when an individual's competence is at issue, it should be conceptualized not on the basis of masculinity, femininity, or androgyny but, rather, on a person basis. These pressures are thought to come from a variety of sources and are intended to prepare adolescents for their adult roles as women and men. QUIZLET IS FOR “Tonight I work, so tomorrow I can go places” students. -early in life, males and females are similar in size. January 2011 with 282 Reads. See, I told you science was on my side when it comes to supporting a gender democracy. gender-role intensification refers to: heightened concerns with adhering to traditional gender roles in general, society finds it less acceptable for boys to engage in activities thought to be more appropriate for girls than for girls to engage in activities thought to be more appropriate for boys. According to the gender-intensification hypothesis, what is a likely result of adolescent boys attempting to be viewed as more masculine? Sex and cognition: gender and cognitive functions. why do teachers pay more attention on average to boys than girls? That is, men and women, as well as boys and girls, are more alike than they are different. Sexual harassment in which a school employee threatens to base an educational decision (such as a grade) on a student's submission to unwelcome sexual conduct. The presence of a high degree of desirable feminine and masculine characteristics in the same individual. Females are often portrayed in sexually provocative ways on MTV and in rock videos. 1995 Apr;66(2):317-29. Characteristics of gender role. That is, men and women, as well as boys and girls, are more alike than they are different. evolutionary psychologists argue that makes have a greater propensity toward impulsivity because it: conferred an advantage in seeking mates and in hunting. Hypothesis stating that psychological and behavioral differences between boys and girls become greater during early adolescence because of increased socialization pressure to conform to masculine and feminine gender roles. -children demonstrate a preference for some gender-typed toys by 2 years of age!! I’m a teacher. gender identity, gender stability, gender constancy. Hypotheses about the Gender Imbalance in Opinion Letter-Writing. Which approach to gender development has the division of labor within society as a major focus? The language of conversation, establishing connections and negotiating relationships. Start learning today with flashcards, games and learning tools — all for free. 1. Talk that gives information; public speaking is an example. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. The belief that gender differences in certain behavioral dispositions evolved because they offered reproductive advantages is reflective of: what is the correct order of appearance, from earliest to the latest? Intensification of gender socialization during adolescence, especially the shift toward increasing involvement with the same-sex parent, is more extreme in … This entry summarizes the gender intensification hypothesis … Gender differences are a provocative subject with good reason: they are implicated as contributors to important societal problems. Gender dysphoria (GD), also known as gender identity disorder (GID) is the condition of distress (or dysphoria) that an individual feels when they do not identify with their birth sex. Crouter AC(1), Manke BA, McHale SM. This entry summarizes the gender intensification hypothesis and … Ironically, children in mixed-gender classrooms often experience what's called gender intensification, meaning an exaggerated preference for all things "boy" or "girl." heightened concerns with adhering to traditional gender roles. Broad categories that reflect our impressions and beliefs about females and males. The gender intensification hypothesis states that girls and boys experience increased pressure to conform to culturally sanctioned gender roles during adolescence (Hill and Lynch 1983 ). Young girls are motivated to learn more about "girl things" to further their knowledge of their own group. the idea that the pressure to behave in sex-appropriate ways intensifies during adolescence: Term. Search. gender (55.2 percent female), education (the highest degree completed, 52.9 percent some college or more) and income (the median monthly household income between 3 and 4 million Korean won). a biosocial theorist would argue that the most important difference between men and women throughout much of human history has been: An emphasis on the effects of hormones on gender development is a hallmark of the _____ approach. Cognitive Autonomy : Definition. 2. They engage in risk-taking and rebellious behavior. gender stereotyping on television has decreased over the past three decades. Master any subject, one success at a time. Second Edition. The gender-intensification hypothesis states that in adolescence , an acceleration of socialization in traditional GRA takes place (Clemans, DeRose, Graber, & Brooks-Gunn, 2010; Galambos, 2009; Hill … The gender-intensification hypothesis holds that psychological and behavioral differences between boys and girls become greater during early adolescence because of increased pressures to conform to traditional masculine and feminine gender roles. even before the baby is born (think about discussion of how the 1st question is if it is a boy or a girl), parents often convey messages about gender through ____, It is NOT a gender-essentialist statement when ___, parents are more likely to offer explanations about what they were observing to ___ than they were to ___, more likely to offer explanations to BOYS than girls, fathers used more instructional talk with ___ than with ___, parents are more likely to comment on ___ physical appearance and attire than on ___, -teachers reinforce gender-typing even if it is not intentional, examples of school influences on gender typing, -"Can the girls line up on one side and the boys on the other", teachers encourage girls to participate in _____, gender identity in infancy and toddlerhood, -infants use multiple perceptual cues to distinguish between sexes, by the end of the second year, children form ___, -kinds of objects/activities that are typically associated with males and females, -children show increases in sex-typed play and spend more of their play time with same-sex peers, -increase sex-typed play and spend more time with same-sex peers, during the preschool years, children learn ___, peers who violate gender-typical patterns of behavior, gender segregation/avoidance of deviant individuals may be because ___. which approach to gender development focuses on the role of opportunity structures. play styles of children of the same gender are MORE compatible with their own play style!! To test this hypothesis, you restate it as: H o: Men are, on average, not taller than women. a common premise of cognitive theories of gender development is: which is an example of a gender-essentialist statement? Which statement is consistent with gender schema theory? In co-ed company, a boy who might play dress-up alone may instead play with trucks in an attempt to identify with his group, the boys. However, in contrast to the gender intensification hypothesis, these qualities and interests declined or increased for both boys and girls, but without a specific sex-typed pattern. Adolescence, individuals develop the adult, physical aspects of their own group “ gender intensification hypothesis quizlet! The idea that the pressure to behave in sex-appropriate ways intensifies during adolescence: Term adult. Far outweigh differences from high-aggressive communities to have higher rates of verbal interaction with daughters sons. 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